Botany and Zoology. 137 
paleozoic period; and the upper portions of these having been removed 
by subsequent denudation, we find the inferior members of the series 
transformed into crystalline stratified rocks.”* 
Il]. BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY. 
1. Flora of the Southern United States, containing abridged descrip- 
tions of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Tennessee, North and South 
Carolina, Georgia, petite Mississippi, and Florida arranged accord- 
W. D. (Th 
small 8vo.—The first thing that strikes our attention as we open this vol- 
ume, is its neat and tasteful typography. It is a decided advance upon 
its counterpart, Gray’s Manual for the Northern States, in this respect, 
and indeed is the handsomest volume of the kind we know of. It is only 
just to add that the book was produced by the University Press of Welch, 
Bigelow & Co., Cambrid ge. The matter of the volume is, we trust, as 
good as its form. It. well supplies a long-felt and pressing want, and 
“ies to schools and colleges, and to botanical students generally at the 
a work which is for that district what Gray’s Manual is for the 
Sicticéy section of our co mmon country. Having said this, modesty 
the work with which this volume is compared is not yet perfect, but still 
oe ane minor emendations, notwitbittadieing long pains-taking and 
“The theory that — mountains have been ft pene by a sudden local ele- 
ot or a f previously horizontal deposi eri lava ape ree raleanip 
Tocks, in opposition to ie, view of the older geologis eee 0 supposed o have 
been built up by the ac Seu aswaa of successive eruptions ce a ee supported by 
opposed by 
on 
Cordier, Constant Prevost, Serpe and Ly ell. (See seta Geol. Journal, vol. xii, 
P. 326, and vol, xv, p. 5 also Lyell, Philos. Trans., part 2, vol. exlviii, p. 7103, for 
: be found a thorough refutation of the elevation hy- 
pothesis and a vindication of the ancient theory. 
This notion of paroxysmal upheaval once admitted for voleanoes was next applied 
mountains which, like the Alps and Pyre are composed of neptunian oa 
is view, however, we fin ontlosier in 1832 maintaining s 
as the rem of former continents n 
: pas by denudation, and that the inversions and disturbances often met with in 
cture of mountains are to y as local accidents. (Bul. Soc. 
t, (1) vol. ii, p, 488, vol. iii, p. 215. 
_ Similar views wits beesiugle by Prof. James Hall in his address —. the 
American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Mont le vps Day t, 1858 
ge has ot been published, but these views are rep sere he he first vol- 
Sethe f his 8 Report on the Geology of Iowa , 41; Mr, Ha nt there inetets op Se 
: “tig ebm ¢ rise to eat accumu ations of sediment 
along te ‘the parent Food Si whether ee 
or iaeligad, cm — ribe the mountainous features of northeastern America 
‘ompared with the oe issippi valley. Mountain heights are due to original seg 
Position and Sibwequent. continental elevation, and not to local upheavals or yd 
ings, which on te Neves! give rise to lines of weakness, and favor erosion, 
that t the lower 4 tetine e xposed in antcinal emit while the ditevibedlate 
i 
denn dation ant fran sh ation. 7 Ton Mor aie actu i ce 1859, p . 53.) See also 
ove e volume as Coal and its Topography.” 
SERI og ot. XXX, No, 88—JULY, 
18 
