40 Rk. Ridgway— Relation between Color and 
the wings and tail; bud, in all cases, it is brightest within those 
limits to which it as confined i in the nena pattern. ‘The specimens 
from the Middle Province of the U. S. (var. /rontalis)* may be 
taken as representing the normal style, for it is from this central 
race that the two extreme differentiations diverge 
This tendency to an extension of red, as we approach to the 
oe coast, is strictly paralleled in the case of Sphyropicus 
aking ng specimens of this species from the Atlantic 
States (typical S. varius)t, it is noticed that in the male the 
red patch on the throat is entirely cut off from the white rictal 
stripe by a continuous maxillary stripe of black, while the 
nuchal band is brownish white; and that the female has te 
throat entirely white. Not more than one per cent. have a 
tinge of red on the nape in the male, or a trace of it on the 
throat in the female. In specimens from the Rocky Moun- 
tains (var. nuchalis)t we find that al/ have the nuchal band 
more or less red, while the female invariably has the throat at 
least one-third of this color; the male, too, has the black max- 
illary stripe interrupted, allowing the red of the gular patch to 
touch, for quite a distance, the white stripe beneath the eye, 
while it invades, for a greater or less extent, the black pectoral 
crescent. Another step is seen in specimens from the region 
between the Rocky Mountains a the Cascade Range, in 
which the red is extended still more; first, the black auricular 
stripe has a few touches of red, the black pectoral crescent is 
mixed with red feathers, and the light area surroanding it 
(sulphur yellow in the more eastern styles) is more or less 
tinged with red; then as we continue ps i the red in- 
creases more and more, until in specimens from the coast region 
of California, Oregon, "Washington Territory, and British Col- 
umbia (var. “ruber)§ it overspreads the whole head, neck and 
breast, in extreme examples entirely obliterating the normal 
pattern, though, usually, this can be distinctly traced. With 
tg CARPODACUS FRONTALIS, var. FRONT 
ila, ae Say, Long’s as ii 40.—Carpodacus frontalis Bonap., 
Consp., 533.—Baird, B. N. co 1858, 415. 
Carpodacus Fondhoris moon § Ay NS 8., vii, p. 61. 
Hab. Middle Province of the U. ‘s. ‘including the Sierra Nevada and Rocky 
Mts., and southern a sg from the Rio Grande to Fort Tejon, Cal. 
n., 3. N., 176.—Sph VYTOpicCUus varius Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, 
103.—Scl, Cat 1862, 335. ~~ 
Hab. Eastern 
fab. vince of North America (breeding north of 40°); Mexico 
(both coa: 
hi rberaabecns — var. NUCHALI 
hyropicus r. nuchalis Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, 103 (sub. S. varius). 
Hab, Rocky Rocky Me. and dig middle Province of U. 8. 
§ SPHYROPICUS V. RUBER. 
ame a Gm, 8. 8. Nei i, 1788, 429.—Sphyropicus ruber Baird, B, N. Am., 
1 i 
Hab. Pacific Province of U. 8. {east only to western slope of Sierra Nevada 
and Cascade Ranges). 
