Formation of Continents and Oceanic depressions. 171 
volcanoes and of the greater earthquakes, is due to the fact that 
the oceanic areas were much the largest, and were the areas of 
greatest subsidence under the continued general contraction of 
Beyond these points there are additions and modifications. In 
addition to admitting the nucleal solidity of the globe, and the 
present partial union of the crust to the nucleus, these include 
like the Alleghanies, are the result of one process of making, or 
monogenetic, and those that are a final result of two or more 
(5.) The principle advocated by LeConte (restricted as indi- 
cated) that plication, shoving along fractures, an crushing are 
6.) That, on the oceanic side of the progressing geosynclinal 
referred to, there has been generally, as the first effect of the 
geosynclinal favoring this disappearance. ‘ ; 
(7.) That the locus of the region of subsidence on a conti- 
nental border was in general alongside of a region of thickly 
s 
the stable area beyond was one source of the catastrophe of 
_ (8) That each ar of plication and mountain-making ended 
in annexing the region upturned, thickened and solidified, to 
the stiffer part of the continental crust, and that consequently 
the geosynclinal that was afterward in progress occupied a 
parallel region more or less outside of the former, either land- 
ward or seaward, and commonly the latter. 
