30 H. A. Chase—Indian Mounds on the Coust of Oregon. 
These implements were undoubtedly used then, as they bei 
e 
bows used with these arrow-heads, and the handles of the spears, 
had rotted away, but there is no doubt but that they were made 
of the northern yew, “ Zaxus brevifolia,” which 1s the mate- 
rial still in use by the Klamaths. It is a tough elastic wood of 
close fibre and dark red color. The favorite method of taking 
elk was to dig pits, from 15 to 20 feet in depth, in the trails 
used by the animals in traveling from one pasture to another. In 
the bottom of the pit sharpened stakes were planted, and on the 
top a light covering of branches and leaves. When the animal 
fell into the pit the stakes impaled him. 
It is dangerous to travel at the present time over the country 
in the vicinity of the mounds, unless the beaten trails are kept, 
on account of these pits, which are concealed by the luxuriant 
growth of brake and fern, which covers all open spaces on the 
sea coast of Oregon. 
Of the fourth class, several stone adze handles were found. 
hese were made of sandstone, one of dark greenstone. The 
were curved and rounded to a point, and protruding knobs 
orded an opportunity of lashing a knive or adze of flint to 
the handle. 
These were probably used in hollowing out the canoes. A 
log of redwod being selected from the beach drift, free of knots, 
a fire was built in the center, and as the wood charred, it was 
chipped away, until a shell was formed; the outside was then 
shaped in the same way. The canoe in use at present by the 
