184 SD. Hayes on the Distillation of Petroleum Naphthas. 
Art. XX VL—On the destructive Distillation of Light — 
Naphthas, at comparatively low srg by S. Dan. 
Hayes, State Assayer of Massachuse 
Unper the generic term naphtha, as applied to some of the 
i eey obtained in the arts from petroleum, is inclu 
series of hydrocarbons having specific gravities above 0°742, 
or ecesi 0°625 (rhigolene) and 0°742 (heavy per is - 
boiling — varying with the densities from 
F, These naphthas have distinguishing aeent al re! 
which slicy are easily recognized and which place them in 4 
class by themselves; and aside from their odors, densities, boil- 
ing points, volatility, and solvent powers, a noticeable peculiarity 
is the absence of oly bodies: they do not leave any Agee 
stain on common writing paper that has been dipped in them, 
as do all the heavier and oily distillates obtaine aa f from. petro- 
leum. The redistillation of these naphthas under different con- 
ditions produces other hydrocarbons, in which the proportions 
of hydrogen and carbon are not only changed, but som e of 
these products are ois that will stain asitien - per like ats 
and it is possible to produce crystallizable paraffine from these 
volatile naphthas by properly conducted distillations. 
the summer of 1861, the writer had occasion to 
ie Sr ae 
observed that besides the gases, pew vapors, es a pa di 
minished volume of naphtha, an unexpectedly ne proportion 
were finished, large masses of separated carbon noms found in 
the ae as in — mga esapegestoin distillations of erud@ | 
wie 
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ea oe en examining a sample of “ Keroelen,” a iat ot 
naphthe, that had a ‘specific gravity of 0°640 a 72° Fy 
and when heated in a flask containing scraps of vlstinw foil, 
it began to boil at about 85° F. As the more voles 
three-quarters of the liquid had e evaporated. It co: continuel a 
boil freely, but the whole was not converted into vapor wy 
the Boa Soar had risen considerably above 300°. It is ¥ 
| * This Journal, Sop, 1052 
