508 J. D. Dana—The overflows of the flooded Conneciicui. 
(2.) The violence of the flood in the Connecticut valley was 
confined mostly to the time of its maximum height. At Hart- 
ford, Springfield, Westfield, and elsewhere, the coarse deposits 
have been found to be those of the u per portion of the ter- 
races; not of the upper terrace alone, but often also of the 
lower, and because the low may be of flood-origin as well as 
the highest. (This volume, p. 178.) When the Connecticut 
flood at Springfield was about 120 feet above modern flood- 
level, or 180 feet above mean sea-level, and at corres- 
ponding height northward to Northampton, the waters were 
sluggish ; for clay beds, which could be formed only in sluggish 
waters, are common through the region up to this level ; ‘and 
with the clays, except at points remote from the river, there are 
only fine sands—other evidence of the absence of all violence 
of movement. For the next 20 feet the beds at Springfield 
continue to be of sand. The cause of such an almost lake-like 
condition over this region, when the waters were already so 
high, can be explained only by assumptions, and for the present 
I let them pass unconsidered. Above the 200-foot level at 
Springfield, the deposits are generally coarse. 
(3.) The facts show that the flood of the New Haven rivers 
did not cease when the melting glacier had disappeared from 
their valleys, even if so to their very sources. While the glacier 
was continuing its retreat . the Massachusetts border, the 
to giady Pahl the Quaternary petri of the country, or of 
any Glacial land. he reindeer bones in the clay beds of the 
Quinnipiac _ volume, p. 853) indicated, by their position 
and freedom wear, that reindeers lived in the valley after 
the retreat ie the glacier and before the glacial flood had 
reached its height; and we may understand from the above 
observations how and why this was possible. The conditions 
of all the rivers of the ice-covered land when at flood height, - 
their depths, widths and overflows, must be worked out and 
mapped, before the events of the Fluvial or Champlain period 
in the Earth’s ees ean be fully understood or appreciated. 
Correction for page 427.—The narrows below Middletown are 
650 feet wide at ig Are and 800 at extreme high, according to 
Gen Ellis (Re i ae . S. Engineer othe for 1859), who thus explains 
_ the height : modern floods above, 
Li Ditonto, om t properties the Feldspa 480.—The following 
0 melo Ws (ite hens ect eae oe 19° 27’ for 15 
sein ton, tine, 7 es 6°17 
ee ~The work noticed on page 488 is by Wm. Watson 
