368 A. E. Verrill—Post-pliocene fossils of Sankoty Head. 
deposited by the cold waters of the outer coast, and their water- 
worn condition proves that the deposit was made in very shal- 
low water near the shore, or near sand-shoals, swept by the 
waves. Such deposits may be made at any depth less than 
about 12 fathoms, but are more commouly made in 2 to 8 
fathoms, on our coast. 
time, the same contrast that now exists* between the coldness 
of the waters on the outer shores and the heat of the sheltered 
bays and harbors. The fossils of the lower bed indicate, for the 
*The nature of the changes that caused the alteration of the temperature and 
difference of the life indicated by these two beds of fossils will be discussed else 
re It may be well, however, to state that my conclusion is that 
when the lower shell-bed and serpula-bed were forming, a shallow bay existed at 
is place, from which the outer waters were excluded, either by an island to the 
P 
Ww away th 
(the latter most probably, to judge from the nature of the fossils), thus allowing 
the cold outer waters to occupy the bay, and the Atlantic surf to fill it with broken 
high enough to have been out of water even then, which have since di 
by denudati The same reasoning will also apply to St. George’s Bank and the 
ee ok ick nce. propalng Semin, which bees. TE 
