1388 A. #. Verrilli—Resulis of recent Dredging Expeditions. 
of the northern and deeper portions of the gulf with the warm 
waters of the southern part. Tides like those of the Bay of 
Fundy and coast of Maine would undoubtedly at once diminish 
this contrast in the temperature of the different parts of the 
gulf, and greatly lessen the temperature of the southern part, 
by reason of the far greater volume of the cold water. 
The origin of the southern species in the gulf is a totally 
different matter. I can explain their presence there in no other 
way than to suppose that they are survivors from a time when 
the marine climate of the whole coast, from Cape Cod to Nova 
Scotia and the Bay of Fundy, was warmer than at present, 
and these species had a continuous range from southern New 
England to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. At that time there 
may have been a direct shallow passage from the Bay of Fundy 
across to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, for the land is there 
narrow and low; but of this we have no direct evidence. 
deep channel there would act like the Straits of Belle Isle, and 
admit the cold arctic current to the coast of Maine; this may 
have been the case in Post-Pliocene times. 
thus favor the southern species inhabiting shallow water. A 
Newfoundland, would lay bare a great part of the Grand Banks, 
close up the Straits of Belle Isle, and more than double the 
size of Newfoundland, which would doubtless produce eng 
climatic changes on the New England coast, as Professor Vana 
as suggested. 
‘o be continued. |] 
ERRATUM.—>p. 134, for Eurosalphinz read Urosalphina. 
