Ieee ee ee agen Se 
on the Southern Coast of New England. 359 
throughout with sand, is very abundant, ae entirely filling 
the dredge with masses up to six inches in diameter. This is 
the Amouroucium pellucidum Verrill. Keaas one, nearly as 
abundant, forms smooth, cartilaginous masses in the form of 
flat lobes, crests, and plates, sometimes two feet long and about 
an inch thick, the surface covered with stellate colonies, while 
the color of the masses is of a delicate bluish or sea- green tint 
by reflected light, although yellow by sransmnsitep light. This 
is oa eg stellatum V., described wit e last in a for- 
mer number of this Journal. A_ third ae of the same 
ale is also common, although still undescribed. This forms 
ooth gelatinous masses, varying from light orange to pale 
Glowict in color, with beautifully stellated colonies over its 
upper surface. With these were several simple ascidians, 
chiefly Cynthia partitat Stimp., and Molgula Manhattensis V., 
while creeping over them was a beautiful green species o f Pero- 
phora,t which is the first representative of the social ascidians 
discovered on our coast. This species also occurred in abun- 
dance on the piles of the government wharf at Wood's Hole, 
associated with the three last named. In the interstices of A. 
pellucidum were numerous annelids of several species, and grow- 
ing upon or with the ascidians were many species of hydroids, 
bryozoa, and sponges. Among the sponges a massive sulphur- 
yellow species (Spongia sulphurea Desor) is very conspicuous. 
While young this species perforates and destroys dead bivalve 
shells, but later in life grows up into hemispherical or irregular 
masses, Span sh the same bottoms were found the common south- 
iculata, L. dubi ‘1, Eupagurus pos E. etn and 
many other less ore on species. On rocky and stony bot- 
toms, and especially i in the tide-way of the channel at Wood's 
*A . nov. Masses thick, turbinate, often encrusting, 
Surface latinous, translucen 
usually “convex, smoo stance , gelatinou 
than in A. sake. Syste oth, subst circular, oval ing eg often elongated, or 
irregular and complex. Zodids much elongated, slender, the branchial tube short 
six rounded lobes. sac e lor of the masses usually 
light red, va raat and pale flesh-color; the orifices 
maa wine, tines Zo6i erally orange-yellow; the orifices and 
usually flesh-color or pale yellow, sometimes bright orange; stoma: 
glandular ribs; mantle — pew opaq oo a 
| Cynthia stellifera V. proves to be a depressed vari ‘ 
it ae ae nov. Individuals small, about ‘10 to “12 of an inch 
high, connected by slender stolons, and , covering the surfaces over which 
they creep. Test compressed, seen from the siiaacarnely kinins team boo S™ 
elliptical, or subcircular, often one-sided or distorted, with a short pedicle or ne’ 
Sessile at base. Branchial orifice large, terminal; anal lateral or subterminal, 
@ litle prominent, with ais 16 angular lobes, — Fee r and smaller. 
Test beautifully reticulated with bright yellowish green 
