368 J. S. Newberry— Parallelism of Coal Seams. 
of formation—must necessarily be parallel to each other, and 
hence a discrepancy in the distances from a given coal-seam, 
taken as a base, to two or more outcrops of what might be con- 
sidered the same seam, is a proof that the coal of these outcrops 
belongs to different seams. Prof. Andrews also says that he 
has never seen a coal seam dividing into two or more distinct 
seams, or two seams approaching each other. 
approach and divergence of plainly continuous coal-seams 
might be cited. For example: On one tract of coal-land in 
Hubbard, Trumbull Co, the distance which separates the first 
from the second coal-seam varies from 44 to 100 feet; Coal No. 
1 showing conspicuous waves or folds. while No. 2 is nearly 
horizontal (M. C. Read). At Fredericksburg, Wayne Co., 
the distance between the two limestone coals—Nos. 8 and 4— 
is only twenty feet, but on tracing these seams down the valley 
of the Killbuck, they are seen to gradually diverge, until at 
Millersburg they are eighty feet apart. At Fredericksburg 
again, the distance between Coals No. 4 and No. 6 is only about 
interval between Coals No. 6 and No. 8 varies from 502 to 0 
feet; while going westward this interval diminishes to less than 
400 feet along the western outcrop of the Pittsburg seam. UD 
succeeding one above (Redstone) is over feet, consisting of 
limestone, 14 feet; shale, 3 to 10 feet; sandstone, 35 feet. UP 
the west side of the river, three mi w, the distance 
entirely disappeared (Ste ; r 
_ Any required number of cases like the preceding might be 
cited, but these, as it seems to me, will suffice to show that the 
