during the melting of the Great Glacier. 169 
region of New Haven, in Southern Connecticut, may have ex- 
ceeded 2000 feet, and could hardly have been less than 1500. 
With such facts in view, we may have some appreciation of the 
amount of material that was at hand, when the melting-time 
began, for making or deepening under-glacier streams and lakes, 
and, at last, swelling the waters to universal floods. The sink- 
ing of the land that took place after the ice had reached its 
height—placing the site of Montreal 500 feet below the sea 
level, making Lake Champlain an arm of the great St. Law- 
rence Gulf, and carrying other high-latitude lands much below 
their present level, a movement favoring greatly the wide 
Three prominent facts appear to be established by the Cham- 
plain deposits of Southern New England. 
. The occurrence of a vast flood during the closing part of 
the melting of the glacier, in which other parts of New Eng- 
land sens : 
2. The absence of marine life from Long Island Sound 
ee the Glacial period and the early part of the Champlain 
period. 
. A participation in the subsidence which affected the 
regions farther north. 
I. THE FLOOD FROM THE MELTING GLACIER. 
1. New Haven Region. 
Facts proving that a great flood closed the era of melting 
were brought out by me in my memoir on New Haven Geology, 
published, in 1870, in the Transactions of the Connecticut 
Academy of Sciences. Since that paper appeared I have made 
various additional observations which I think demonstrate its 
occurrence still more positively, and afford also, some idea of 
its extent and violence. 
(100 to 400 feet above the sea) on the west, the Mt. Carmel range, 
. 
nine miles from the city of New Haven, on the north, and the hills 
