189 



immediately overlain by fossiliferous miocene beds, and many 

 angular fragments of the granite, actinolite, and other of 

 the Pre-Cambrian rocks are caught up into the base of the 

 Tertiary beds forming a breccia of highly contrasted colours. 

 On the north side of the exposure the beds have been greatly 

 disturbed, and a most peculiar rock of flinty character with 

 mammillary structure forms most of the sea cliff. There are 

 also, in the same place, thick layers of ironstone which inter- 

 penetrate the granite rock both as sheets and as reticulations 

 through the stone. 



On the western side of Hart's mine, a little to the south, 

 the granite is seen on the south road, and can be traced by 

 surface stones into Section 43. The stone is a reddish, f el- 

 spathic, and microcrystalline granite or granulite. On Mr. 

 Howe's land (Sections 103 and 104, Muloowurtie), 6 miles 

 to the westward of Hart's mine, the surface of the ploughed 

 land is covered with a similar fine-textured, granulitic 

 granite, and also at the four cross roads that unite Sections 

 73, 74, 52, and 53 in the same neighbourhood. All these 

 are evidently an extension of the granitic rocks seen on the 

 beach near Hart's mine. 



3. Winulta Creek. The Pre-Cambrian rocks are exten- 

 sively developed on the border of the Hundreds of Cunning- 

 ham and Tiparra, occupying, for the most part, the sides and 

 bottom of the Winulta Valley. The features are chiefly those 

 of a coarse pegmatite with graphic granite, in both coarse 

 and fine varieties, and some schistose rocks. The bottom of 

 the valley, near to the school -house, is occupied by a fine- 

 grained pinkish syenite, which has much the appearance of 

 a pinkish sandstone, with an exposed face that is 12 feet in 

 thickness and 150 yards in length. Quartz veins, and a breccia 

 included in a quartz matrix, were noticed. The rocks are 

 usually much decomposed and in process of disintegration ; 

 granitic sand covers the sides of the hills and the valley 

 bottom. The Pre-Cambrian rocks appear to extend for several 

 miles in a westerly direction and, on the rises, are capped 

 by the Cambrian basal grits and conglomerates. 



4. W eetulta . A Government bore, put down on Section 

 342, Hundred of Tiparra, 16 miles almost due west of Winulta 

 and 9 miles west of Arthurton, proved the granite, after pass- 

 ing through red clay and indurated gravel, at a depth of 

 36 feet. 



5. Arthurton. Situated between Weetulta and Win- 

 ulta. Mr. Cornish, of Maitland, forwarded to me a sample 

 of rock from this locality which proved to be a fine-grained 

 granite, or granulite, a common type of granite in the 

 Ardrossan district. 



