﻿STRATIGRAPHIC 
  GEOLOGY 
  OP 
  THE 
  EASTERN 
  HELDERBERGS 
  335 
  

  

  About 
  New 
  Salem 
  and 
  part 
  way 
  up 
  the 
  lower 
  cliff 
  of 
  Country- 
  

   man 
  hill 
  the 
  geological 
  formation 
  is 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  which 
  in 
  

   general 
  underlies 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  plain 
  from 
  the 
  Helderbergs 
  east 
  

   to 
  the 
  Hudson 
  and 
  north 
  to 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  river. 
  The 
  underlying 
  

   rocks 
  however 
  for 
  considerable 
  areas 
  of 
  this 
  plain 
  are 
  covered 
  by 
  

   later 
  formations 
  belonging 
  both 
  to 
  the 
  Glacial 
  and 
  Champlain. 
  

   The 
  Hudson 
  river 
  rocks 
  about 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  Helderbergs 
  consist 
  

   of 
  alternations 
  of 
  shales 
  and 
  sandstones 
  that 
  are 
  comparatively 
  

   barren 
  in 
  fossil 
  remains. 
  The 
  only 
  fossils'reported 
  from 
  the 
  Hud- 
  

   son 
  river 
  rocks 
  of 
  this 
  region, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  known 
  to 
  the 
  writer, 
  are 
  

   Orthis 
  testudinaria 
  and 
  Trinucleus 
  concentricus 
  which 
  were 
  found 
  

   ~by 
  Mr 
  Walcott 
  at 
  the 
  Indian 
  Ladder 
  on 
  the 
  northern 
  escarpment 
  

   of 
  the 
  Helderbergs 
  about 
  two 
  and 
  one 
  half 
  miles 
  northwest 
  of 
  New 
  

   Salem. 
  The 
  formation 
  has 
  a 
  great 
  thickness 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  as 
  

   shown 
  by 
  a 
  well 
  drilled 
  near 
  Altamont 
  (formerly 
  Knowersville) 
  

   which 
  started 
  595 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  Tentaculite 
  limestone 
  

   and 
  reached 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  Trenton 
  limestone 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  2880 
  

   feet, 
  giving 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  3475 
  feet 
  for 
  the 
  Hudson 
  and 
  Utica 
  

   formations 
  to 
  which 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  perhaps 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  feet 
  at 
  

   the 
  top, 
  all 
  the 
  rocks 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  between 
  the 
  Tentaculite 
  and 
  

   Trenton 
  limestones 
  belong. 
  6 
  

  

  SECTION 
  OP 
  COUNTRYMAN 
  HILL 
  

  

  C 
  XXXIXA. 
  The 
  following 
  section 
  begins 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  

   steep 
  cliff 
  a 
  little 
  north 
  of 
  west 
  of 
  New 
  Salem 
  and 
  continues 
  to 
  

   the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  hill. 
  

  

  Feet 
  

  

  A 
  13 
  Top 
  of 
  Countryman 
  hill 
  composed 
  of 
  rather 
  aren- 
  425=1247 
  

   aceous 
  shales 
  that 
  contain 
  very 
  few 
  fossils. 
  On 
  

   the 
  top 
  are 
  loose 
  glacial 
  boulders 
  of 
  Corniferous 
  

   limestone. 
  Near 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  this 
  upper 
  ridge 
  are 
  

   fine, 
  argillaceous 
  shales 
  of 
  the 
  Marcellus 
  shown 
  in 
  

   small 
  draws, 
  but 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  slope 
  is 
  

   covered 
  by 
  soil 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  to 
  determine 
  

  

  aBull. 
  geol. 
  soc. 
  Am. 
  1890. 
  1:345. 
  

  

  fcAshburner. 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  inst. 
  min. 
  eng. 
  1888. 
  16:951-53. 
  

  

  cUnion 
  college 
  geological 
  survey. 
  

  

  