﻿PREFACE 
  

  

  Limestones 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  purposes 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  fol- 
  

   lowing 
  report 
  only 
  the 
  chemical 
  uses 
  of 
  the 
  rock, 
  such 
  as 
  its 
  ap- 
  

   plicability 
  to 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  cement, 
  lime, 
  paper 
  making, 
  etc. 
  

   are 
  considered. 
  

  

  Few 
  states 
  probably 
  contain 
  a 
  greater 
  series 
  of 
  limestone 
  de- 
  

   posits 
  than 
  New 
  York, 
  nor 
  is 
  it 
  probable 
  that 
  in 
  any 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  

   they 
  more 
  favorably 
  situated 
  for 
  working 
  or 
  more 
  easily 
  acces- 
  

   sible, 
  permitting 
  the 
  shipment 
  of 
  the 
  rock 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  either 
  

   by 
  rail 
  or 
  water. 
  These 
  facts 
  considered 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  

   growing 
  use 
  of 
  limestone 
  seem 
  to 
  justify 
  a 
  detailed 
  description 
  of 
  

   the 
  limerocks 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  state 
  in 
  their 
  economic 
  uses, 
  and 
  it 
  

   was 
  with 
  this 
  end 
  in 
  view 
  that 
  the 
  present 
  report 
  has 
  been 
  com- 
  

   piled. 
  

  

  While 
  limestone 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  purposes, 
  one 
  of 
  its 
  

   most 
  important 
  applications 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  is 
  for 
  the 
  manu- 
  

   facture 
  of 
  portland 
  cement 
  and 
  several 
  flourishing 
  portland 
  

   cement 
  factories 
  are 
  already 
  in 
  operation 
  in 
  this 
  state. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  quarries 
  have 
  been 
  

   visited 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  obtaining 
  samples 
  for 
  analysis, 
  and 
  

   about 
  60 
  analyses 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  for 
  this 
  report. 
  These 
  were 
  

   made 
  in 
  part 
  by 
  the 
  writer 
  but 
  generally 
  by 
  Messrs 
  D. 
  H. 
  New- 
  

   land 
  and 
  J. 
  D. 
  Irving. 
  To 
  these 
  analyses 
  have 
  been 
  added 
  all 
  

   those 
  which 
  could 
  be 
  obtained 
  from 
  other 
  sources. 
  

  

  Geologic 
  and 
  geographic 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  forma- 
  

   tions 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  state 
  

  

  The 
  limestone 
  formations 
  occurring 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  state 
  are 
  

   the: 
  

  

  Precambrian 
  

  

  Calciferous 
  

  

  Chazy 
  

  

  Trenton 
  

  

  Clinton 
  

  

  