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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  The 
  Salina 
  formation 
  which 
  is 
  such 
  a 
  prominent 
  member 
  of 
  

   the 
  series 
  in 
  central 
  and 
  western 
  New 
  York, 
  thine 
  rapidly 
  east- 
  

   ward 
  and 
  is 
  finally 
  represented 
  by 
  an 
  attenuated 
  development 
  of 
  

   its 
  upper 
  members. 
  This 
  representative 
  is 
  the 
  waterlime 
  series 
  

   which 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  continuous 
  through 
  eastern 
  New 
  York, 
  

   northern 
  New 
  Jersey 
  and 
  Pennsylvania. 
  In 
  the 
  country 
  of 
  the 
  

   Helderberg 
  mountains 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  always 
  recognizable 
  and 
  when 
  

   present 
  is 
  often 
  not 
  over 
  a 
  yard 
  in 
  thickness. 
  About 
  Rondout 
  

   and 
  Rosendale 
  it 
  comprises 
  thick 
  beds 
  of 
  valuable 
  cement 
  rock 
  

   and 
  at 
  Howes 
  Cave 
  there 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  cement 
  bed 
  of 
  workable 
  thick- 
  

   ness. 
  

  

  The 
  Onondaga 
  limestone. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  limestone 
  series 
  which 
  

   is 
  usually 
  termed 
  the 
  " 
  Cornif 
  erous 
  " 
  by 
  many 
  writers, 
  but 
  by 
  

   others 
  the 
  upper 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  is 
  termed 
  " 
  Corniferous 
  " 
  

   and 
  the 
  lower 
  member 
  " 
  Onondaga." 
  As 
  both 
  members 
  are 
  

   cherty 
  the 
  term 
  Corniferous 
  implies 
  a 
  contradistinction 
  which 
  

   does 
  not 
  exist, 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  proposed 
  by 
  Pro! 
  Hall 
  to 
  

   revive 
  the 
  term 
  " 
  Onondaga 
  " 
  to 
  comprise 
  the 
  entire 
  series. 
  

   It 
  is 
  a 
  well-known 
  name 
  in 
  western 
  New 
  York 
  where 
  the 
  beds 
  

   are 
  extensively 
  quarried, 
  and 
  the 
  formation 
  is 
  typically 
  devel- 
  

   oped 
  in 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  region. 
  As 
  the 
  name 
  Salina 
  has 
  been 
  

   finally 
  adopted 
  for 
  the 
  salt 
  and 
  gypsum 
  group 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  Si- 
  

   lurian 
  there 
  need 
  be 
  no 
  confusion 
  attending 
  the 
  general 
  use 
  of 
  

   " 
  Onondaga 
  " 
  for 
  the 
  limestone 
  as 
  proposed. 
  

  

  The 
  subdivisions 
  of 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  group 
  gradually 
  lose 
  their 
  

   physical 
  and 
  faunal 
  characteristics 
  in 
  eastern 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  the 
  

   formation 
  is 
  in 
  greater 
  part 
  a 
  bluish 
  gray 
  subcrystalline, 
  mas- 
  

   sive 
  limestone 
  with 
  lenticular 
  masses 
  of 
  chert 
  in 
  courses 
  and 
  

   irregularly 
  disseminated. 
  Darker 
  colors 
  occur 
  locally, 
  notably 
  

   in 
  the 
  upper 
  beds 
  about 
  Peoria 
  (West 
  Berne) 
  which 
  are 
  very 
  

   dark 
  and 
  coarsely 
  crystalline. 
  The 
  chert 
  is 
  predominant 
  in 
  the 
  

   upper 
  beds 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  usually 
  present 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  beds. 
  In 
  

   places 
  it 
  is 
  an 
  inconspicuous 
  feature 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  often 
  the 
  

   case. 
  Thin 
  partings 
  of 
  shale 
  occur 
  rarely. 
  About 
  Saugerties 
  

   the 
  lower 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  is 
  shaly 
  and 
  weathers 
  buff. 
  

   About 
  Clarksville 
  the 
  lower 
  members 
  are 
  very 
  pure, 
  free 
  from 
  

   chert 
  and 
  regularly 
  bedded. 
  

  

  