﻿LIMESTONES 
  OP 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  AND 
  THEIE 
  ECONOMIC 
  VALUE 
  3G9 
  

  

  Saugerties, 
  30 
  to 
  40 
  feet 
  about 
  Rondout, 
  70 
  to 
  100 
  feet 
  about 
  

   Rosendale, 
  the 
  maximum 
  being 
  in 
  the 
  ridge 
  just 
  northwest 
  of 
  the 
  

   village. 
  The 
  Pentamerus 
  beds 
  are 
  quite 
  sharply 
  demarked 
  from 
  

   those 
  above 
  and 
  below 
  them." 
  

  

  The 
  finest 
  exposures 
  of 
  the 
  Pentamerus 
  ledges 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  

   escarpment 
  of 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  mountains 
  near 
  the 
  Indian 
  Ladder 
  

   where 
  they 
  rise 
  in 
  great 
  cliffs 
  surmounting 
  steep 
  slopes 
  to 
  an 
  

   altitude 
  of 
  700 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  plain 
  lying 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  east. 
  

  

  The 
  Tentaculite 
  beds 
  are 
  thin 
  bedded 
  dark 
  blue 
  limestones, 
  

   lying 
  below 
  the 
  Pentamerus 
  beds, 
  and 
  usually 
  constituting 
  the 
  

   base 
  of 
  the 
  Pentamerus 
  escarpment 
  or 
  lying 
  beneath 
  its 
  talus. 
  

   The 
  bed,s 
  vary 
  in 
  thickness 
  from 
  an 
  inch 
  to 
  a 
  foot 
  in 
  greater 
  part 
  

   but 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  inches 
  is 
  the 
  average. 
  

  

  The 
  Tentaculite 
  beds 
  have 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  40 
  feet 
  at 
  Howes 
  

   Cave 
  and 
  Schoharie, 
  somewhat 
  less 
  in 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  mountains 
  

   and 
  from 
  30 
  to 
  40 
  feet 
  through 
  the 
  Catskill 
  and 
  Kingston 
  regions. 
  

   In 
  the 
  Rosendale 
  region 
  the 
  amount 
  is 
  less, 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  several 
  outliers 
  of 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  limestone 
  of 
  which 
  

   an 
  important 
  one 
  is 
  Becraft 
  mountain. 
  

  

  SaUna 
  waterlime. 
  The 
  attenuated 
  eastern 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  

   great 
  Salina 
  formation 
  is 
  of 
  variable 
  character 
  and 
  thickness 
  

   and 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  continuous 
  throughout. 
  Locally 
  it 
  consists 
  of 
  

   heavy 
  beds 
  of 
  cement 
  rock 
  but 
  generally 
  it 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  thin 
  

   beds 
  of 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  impure 
  cement 
  intercalated 
  with 
  thin 
  bedded 
  

   limestones 
  of 
  varying 
  character. 
  

  

  The 
  cement 
  beds 
  attain 
  their 
  greatest 
  development 
  around 
  Ron-, 
  

   dout 
  and 
  Rosendale 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  extensively 
  worked. 
  The 
  ce- 
  

   ment 
  rock 
  is 
  a 
  blue 
  black, 
  very 
  fine 
  grained, 
  massive 
  bedded 
  deposit 
  

   of 
  calcareous 
  magnesian 
  andl 
  argillaceous 
  materials 
  and 
  is 
  of 
  some- 
  

   what 
  variable 
  character 
  and 
  composition. 
  The 
  rock 
  produces 
  a 
  

   cement 
  of 
  good 
  quality 
  only 
  when 
  the 
  components 
  bear 
  certain 
  

   relative 
  proportions 
  to 
  each 
  other. 
  A 
  characteristic 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  

   rock 
  is 
  the 
  light 
  buff 
  hue 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  weathers 
  on 
  the 
  surface. 
  At 
  

   Rosendale 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  21 
  foot 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  cement 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  

   formation, 
  then 
  from 
  12 
  to 
  15 
  feet 
  of 
  mixed 
  impure 
  cement 
  and 
  

   limestone 
  beds, 
  then 
  another 
  cement 
  bed 
  11 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness. 
  

   Above 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  Tentaculite 
  and 
  Pentamerus. 
  

  

  These 
  cement 
  beds 
  with 
  some 
  variations 
  in 
  thickness, 
  and 
  

   many 
  in 
  character, 
  extend 
  over 
  a 
  wide 
  area 
  from 
  north 
  of 
  

   "Whiteport 
  through 
  Rosendale 
  to 
  beyond 
  High 
  Falls, 
  outcrop- 
  

  

  