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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Limestone 
  in 
  excess 
  purifies 
  the 
  iron 
  from 
  sulfur 
  and 
  also 
  pre 
  

   vents 
  the 
  reduction 
  of 
  the 
  silica 
  to 
  silicon. 
  

  

  Manufacture 
  of 
  basic 
  steel 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  basic 
  or 
  Thomas 
  Gilchrist 
  process 
  the 
  furnace 
  or 
  besse- 
  

   mer 
  converter 
  is 
  lined 
  with 
  some 
  basic 
  material 
  (that 
  is 
  material 
  

   containing 
  little 
  or 
  no 
  silica) 
  such 
  a 
  magnesite 
  or 
  dolomite. 
  In 
  

   this 
  country 
  the 
  latter 
  specially 
  is 
  used. 
  Two 
  things 
  are 
  required 
  

   of 
  the 
  dolomite, 
  viz, 
  it 
  should 
  contain 
  as 
  high 
  a 
  percentage 
  of 
  

   magnesia 
  as 
  possible, 
  and 
  it 
  should 
  not 
  have 
  over 
  i.\ 
  or 
  2$ 
  of 
  

   total 
  fluxing 
  impurities. 
  It 
  is 
  specially 
  important 
  that 
  the 
  silica 
  

   percentage 
  should 
  be 
  low, 
  under 
  \ 
  c 
  / 
  c 
  is 
  possible. 
  At 
  high 
  tem- 
  

   peratures 
  the 
  lime 
  or 
  magnesia 
  will 
  eagerly 
  unite 
  with 
  any 
  silica 
  

   present, 
  and 
  as 
  this 
  action 
  is 
  equivalent 
  to 
  corrosion 
  of 
  the 
  

   lining, 
  any 
  additional 
  percentage 
  of 
  silica 
  will 
  materially 
  

   affect 
  the 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  lining. 
  Pure 
  dolomites 
  are 
  rare 
  and 
  when 
  

   found 
  are 
  not 
  always 
  in 
  easily 
  accessible 
  localities, 
  but 
  in 
  this 
  

   state 
  two 
  different 
  bodies 
  of 
  nearly 
  pure 
  dolomite 
  are 
  known, 
  the 
  

   one 
  at 
  Sing 
  Sing 
  and 
  Tuckahoe, 
  Westchester 
  co. 
  the 
  other 
  at 
  

   Rochester, 
  Monroe 
  co. 
  

  

  For 
  use 
  the 
  dolomite 
  is 
  first 
  burned 
  to 
  the 
  sintering 
  point 
  and 
  

   then 
  ground 
  and 
  mixed 
  with 
  tar 
  or 
  other 
  material 
  to 
  hold 
  it 
  

   together 
  and 
  permit 
  molding. 
  

  

  The 
  lime 
  used 
  in 
  basic 
  bessemer 
  converters 
  likewise 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  

   of 
  great 
  purity, 
  and 
  the 
  stone 
  must 
  be 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  nature 
  that 
  it 
  

   will 
  burn 
  to 
  a 
  lumpy 
  and 
  not 
  a 
  powdery 
  lime, 
  for 
  if 
  the 
  lime 
  

   were 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  converter 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  powder 
  the 
  strong 
  

   blast 
  would 
  quickly 
  eject 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  it. 
  

  

  Sulfite 
  pulp 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  a 
  superior 
  grade 
  of 
  wood 
  pulp 
  which 
  is 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  

   paper 
  manufacturers. 
  In 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  it 
  considerable 
  quan- 
  

   tities 
  of 
  both 
  dolomite 
  and 
  limestone 
  are 
  used. 
  The 
  following 
  

   description 
  has 
  been 
  kindly 
  furnished 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  Mr 
  T. 
  A. 
  Howard 
  

   of 
  the 
  Vermont 
  marble 
  co. 
  

  

  The 
  broken 
  stone 
  is 
  thrown 
  into 
  cylinders,' 
  eight 
  feet 
  in 
  diame- 
  

   ter 
  and 
  20 
  to 
  160 
  feet 
  high. 
  When 
  the 
  tubes 
  are 
  full, 
  fumes 
  of 
  

   sulfur 
  are 
  led 
  into 
  the 
  bottom 
  and 
  water 
  allowed 
  to 
  trickle 
  

  

  