﻿LIMESTONES 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  ECONOMIC 
  VALUE 
  375 
  

  

  down 
  from 
  the 
  top. 
  The 
  stone 
  thus 
  becomes 
  slowly 
  dissolved 
  

   and 
  the 
  liquor 
  is 
  drawn 
  off 
  into 
  storage 
  tanks. 
  This 
  solution 
  is 
  

   used 
  to 
  " 
  cook 
  " 
  the 
  wood. 
  The 
  latter 
  is 
  cut 
  into 
  chips 
  one 
  to 
  two 
  

   inches 
  long, 
  and 
  put 
  in 
  a 
  digester 
  holding 
  seven 
  or 
  eight 
  cords 
  

   of 
  wood. 
  The 
  liquor 
  is 
  also 
  introduced 
  and 
  the 
  mixture 
  heated 
  

   by 
  steam 
  is 
  under 
  pressure 
  for 
  several 
  hours. 
  The 
  sulfite 
  of 
  

   lime 
  or 
  magnesia 
  removes 
  all 
  the 
  pitch 
  and 
  everything 
  except 
  

   the 
  wood 
  fibres, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  removes 
  all 
  discoloration. 
  

   Some 
  manufacturers 
  claim 
  that 
  the 
  liquor 
  can 
  be 
  made 
  faster 
  

   and 
  stronger 
  by 
  6 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  dolomite, 
  and 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  get 
  it 
  they 
  

   sometimes 
  go 
  10 
  or 
  12 
  miles 
  from 
  a 
  railroad. 
  When 
  limestone 
  is 
  

   used 
  the 
  cylinders 
  generally 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  made 
  higher. 
  

  

  Lithographing 
  

  

  Lithographic 
  limestone 
  is 
  a 
  somewhat 
  impure, 
  very 
  fine 
  and 
  

   even 
  grained 
  limestone. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  only 
  rare 
  but 
  valuable. 
  The 
  

   requirements 
  are 
  sufficient 
  porosity 
  to 
  absorb 
  ink 
  and 
  softness 
  

   enough 
  to 
  permit 
  working 
  with 
  an 
  engraver's 
  tool. 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  supply 
  thus 
  far 
  has 
  come 
  from 
  Solenhofen, 
  Bavaria. 
  

   It 
  has 
  been 
  reported 
  from 
  various 
  localities 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  but 
  

   never 
  from 
  New 
  York 
  state. 
  

  

  Carbonic 
  acid 
  gas 
  

   Considerable 
  nearly 
  pure 
  dolomite 
  has 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  been 
  

   shipped 
  from 
  the 
  quarries 
  at 
  Pleasantville, 
  Westchester 
  co. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  

   for 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  soda 
  water 
  manufacturers. 
  The 
  stone 
  is 
  ground 
  

   at 
  the 
  mines 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  fineness 
  of 
  granulated 
  sugar. 
  From 
  the 
  

   grinder 
  it 
  passes 
  into 
  hoppers 
  whence 
  it 
  is 
  fed 
  automatically 
  

   through 
  tubes 
  into 
  barrels 
  for 
  shipment. 
  

  

  Lime 
  

   When 
  limestone 
  is 
  burned, 
  that 
  is 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  raised 
  to 
  a 
  red 
  

   heat, 
  it 
  is 
  dissociated 
  into 
  lime 
  oxid 
  and 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  thus: 
  

  

  CaC0 
  3 
  = 
  CaO 
  + 
  C0 
  2 
  

  

  limestone 
  or 
  lime 
  oxid 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  gas 
  

  

  lime 
  carbonate 
  quick 
  lime 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  

  

  caustic 
  lime 
  

  

  