﻿LIMESTONES 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  ECONOMIC 
  VALUE 
  381 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  slaking 
  process 
  the 
  lime 
  absorbs 
  a 
  large 
  quantity 
  

   of 
  water. 
  It 
  swells 
  up 
  and 
  gradually 
  forms 
  a 
  stiff 
  paste, 
  the 
  

   more 
  so, 
  the 
  purer 
  the 
  limestone 
  and 
  the 
  fatter 
  the 
  lime. 
  

  

  With 
  careful 
  slacking, 
  1 
  cubic 
  meter 
  of 
  fat 
  lime 
  gives 
  2.7 
  cubic 
  

   meters 
  and 
  1 
  cubic 
  meter 
  of 
  lean 
  lime 
  gives 
  1.8 
  cubic 
  meters 
  of 
  

   paste. 
  

  

  The 
  excess 
  of 
  water 
  is 
  gotten 
  rid 
  of 
  in 
  part 
  by 
  evaporation 
  

   and 
  is 
  also 
  drawn 
  off 
  while 
  the 
  slaked, 
  pasty 
  mass 
  is 
  allowed 
  to 
  

   stand 
  in 
  the 
  pit 
  to 
  insure 
  thorough 
  slaking 
  of 
  every 
  particle. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  pits 
  lime 
  will 
  hold 
  itself 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  without 
  change 
  

   provided 
  it 
  is 
  properly 
  protected 
  from 
  the 
  air. 
  

  

  The 
  damp 
  lime 
  paste 
  absorbs 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  greedily 
  with 
  the 
  

   formation 
  of 
  carbonate 
  of 
  lime, 
  which 
  solidifies. 
  The 
  crust 
  of 
  

   calcium 
  carbonate 
  which 
  forms 
  is 
  very 
  thin 
  but 
  it 
  prevents 
  the 
  

   action 
  from 
  continuing 
  farther 
  in 
  the 
  mass. 
  

  

  The 
  solidifying 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  lime 
  alone 
  is 
  of 
  little 
  importance 
  

   and 
  becomes 
  of 
  value 
  only 
  when 
  sand 
  is 
  added. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  

   sand 
  prevents 
  large 
  masses 
  or 
  lumps 
  of 
  the 
  lime 
  from 
  collecting 
  

   in 
  any 
  ojie 
  spot 
  and 
  not 
  becoming 
  thoroughly 
  converted 
  into 
  the 
  

   carbonate. 
  

  

  USES 
  OF 
  LIME 
  

  

  Sugar 
  manufacture. 
  Much 
  lime 
  is 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  

   beet 
  sugar 
  and 
  here 
  again 
  the 
  raw 
  material 
  must 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  proper 
  

   composition. 
  Both 
  clay 
  and 
  sand 
  are 
  injurious 
  impurities 
  as 
  

   they 
  increase 
  the 
  loss 
  in 
  lime 
  in 
  making 
  the 
  limewater 
  and 
  the 
  

   clay 
  also 
  introduces 
  alkalies 
  into 
  the 
  sugar 
  juice. 
  The 
  sugar 
  

   manufacturer 
  considers 
  that 
  every 
  part 
  of 
  insoluble 
  matter 
  

   means 
  a 
  loss 
  of 
  three 
  to 
  four 
  parts 
  of 
  carbonate 
  of 
  lime. 
  When 
  

   therefore 
  a 
  limestone 
  containing 
  95$ 
  carbonate 
  of 
  lime 
  is 
  paid 
  

   for 
  as 
  if 
  containing 
  100$, 
  a 
  stone 
  with 
  85$ 
  should 
  only 
  be 
  paid 
  

   for 
  as 
  if 
  containing 
  60 
  to 
  70$. 
  If 
  the 
  lime 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  sepa- 
  

   ration 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  much 
  magnesia 
  is 
  injurious 
  for 
  the 
  reason 
  

   that 
  it 
  will 
  not 
  unite 
  with 
  the 
  sugar 
  as 
  the 
  lime 
  does, 
  forming 
  

   a 
  monosaccharate 
  of 
  lime 
  which 
  is 
  essential 
  before 
  precipitation 
  

   takes 
  place. 
  Consequently 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  magnesia 
  hydrate 
  

   in 
  the 
  lime 
  necessitates 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  so 
  much 
  more 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  

   and 
  may 
  also 
  cause 
  loss 
  in 
  sugar. 
  

  

  