﻿LIMESTONES 
  OP 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  ECONOMIC 
  VALUE 
  383 
  

  

  The 
  stone 
  used 
  should 
  be 
  compact 
  and 
  hard. 
  An 
  excess 
  of 
  

   moisture, 
  as 
  5$ 
  or 
  over, 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  present 
  as 
  it 
  reduces 
  the 
  

   temperature 
  of 
  the 
  kiln 
  when 
  first 
  charged. 
  Stone 
  containing 
  

   an 
  excess 
  of 
  moisture 
  also 
  tends 
  to 
  split 
  in 
  burning. 
  About 
  lfo 
  

   of 
  water 
  is 
  the 
  proper 
  amount. 
  

  

  Magnesia 
  is 
  not 
  specially 
  objectionable 
  except 
  when 
  silicates 
  

   are 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  stone; 
  it 
  causes 
  difficulities 
  however 
  in 
  the 
  

   purification 
  of 
  the 
  sugar 
  juice, 
  consequently 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  at 
  a 
  mini- 
  

   mum. 
  Sulfate 
  of 
  lime 
  may 
  act 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  magnesia. 
  

  

  If 
  silica 
  is 
  present 
  part 
  of 
  it 
  passes 
  into 
  the 
  juice 
  with 
  the 
  lime 
  

   and 
  retards 
  the 
  filtration 
  process 
  by 
  coating 
  the 
  cloths 
  in 
  the 
  

   filter 
  press. 
  Silica 
  also 
  forms 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  scale 
  on 
  the 
  heating 
  

   surface. 
  There 
  is 
  less 
  harm 
  from 
  this 
  source 
  in 
  hard 
  than 
  in 
  

   soft 
  stones. 
  

  

  Silica 
  and 
  alumina 
  also 
  tend 
  to 
  form 
  an 
  insoluble 
  coating 
  on 
  

   the 
  burned 
  lumps 
  which 
  interferes 
  with 
  the 
  slaking. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  analyses 
  together 
  with 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  in- 
  

   formation 
  on 
  the 
  stones 
  used 
  are 
  from 
  the 
  report 
  on 
  the 
  beet 
  

   sugar 
  industry 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  dep't 
  agriculture 
  1897 
  p.. 
  

   205. 
  

  

  

  1 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  9 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  

  4.10 
  

  

  4.50 
  

  

  1.20 
  

  

  2.10 
  

  

  .37 
  

  

  85.86 
  

  

  .95 
  

  

  .05 
  

  

  .87 
  

  

  5.10 
  

   5.15 
  

  

  1.17 
  

   1.75 
  

   .41 
  

   85.12 
  

   .47 
  

   .06 
  

   .77 
  

  

  7.25 
  

   4.90 
  

   1.37 
  

   3.30 
  

  

  .27 
  

   81.67 
  

  

  .59 
  

  

  ""65' 
  

  

  4.15 
  

  

  2.15 
  

  

  1.05 
  

  

  1.05 
  

  

  .17 
  

  

  90.13 
  

  

  .75 
  

  

  .10 
  

  

  .45 
  

  

  4.17 
  

  

  3.07 
  

  

  .97 
  

  

  .98 
  

  

  .19 
  

  

  88.65 
  

  

  .95 
  

  

  .01 
  

  

  1.00 
  

  

  6.25 
  

  

  .3.17 
  

  

  1.12 
  

  

  .64 
  

  

  .15 
  

  

  87.93 
  

  

  .50 
  

  

  5.16 
  

   2.25 
  

   .86 
  

   .56 
  

   .20 
  

   90.03 
  

   .45 
  

  

  .52 
  

  

  2.85 
  

  

  .30 
  

  

  .06 
  

  

  .32 
  

  

  93.80 
  

  

  1.81 
  

  

  1.21 
  

   .55 
  

   .41 
  

   .20 
  

   .23 
  

   96.58 
  

   .50 
  

  

  11 
  

  

  Insoluble 
  

  

  .27 
  

   .15 
  

  

  

  .03 
  

  

  Iron 
  and 
  alumina 
  oxid 
  

  

  *99!i6 
  

  

  

  

  Alkalies 
  

  

  

  

  .24 
  

  

  .39 
  

  

  .34 
  

  

  .32 
  

  

  .34 
  

  

  

  

  Of 
  the 
  above 
  nos. 
  1, 
  2, 
  3 
  and 
  4 
  are 
  considered 
  bad; 
  5, 
  6 
  and 
  7 
  

   are 
  passable; 
  8, 
  9, 
  10 
  are 
  excellent. 
  

  

  No. 
  3 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  a 
  sugar 
  factory 
  and 
  caused 
  trouble, 
  notably 
  

   " 
  scaffolding 
  " 
  or 
  difficulty 
  in 
  the 
  mechanical 
  filters. 
  No. 
  9 
  was 
  

   "substituted 
  and 
  these 
  difficulties 
  disappeared. 
  

  

  In 
  looking 
  over 
  the 
  analyses 
  of 
  limestones 
  given 
  in 
  this 
  report 
  

   it 
  will 
  be 
  observed 
  that 
  limestones 
  of 
  as 
  great 
  purity 
  as 
  nos. 
  8, 
  9 
  

   and 
  10 
  in 
  the 
  foregoing 
  table 
  are 
  not 
  uncommon 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  

   state. 
  There 
  are 
  at 
  present 
  two 
  beet 
  sugar 
  factories 
  in 
  New 
  

   York 
  state, 
  the 
  one 
  at 
  Binghamton 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  at 
  Rome. 
  

  

  