﻿LIMESTONES 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  ECONOMIC 
  VALUE 
  

  

  389 
  

  

  Bichardson 
  gives 
  following 
  mortar 
  experiments. 
  

  

  Composition 
  and 
  physical 
  properties 
  of 
  the 
  lime 
  

  

  Loss 
  on 
  ignition, 
  H 
  3 
  and 
  S 
  1.0 
  

  

  Insol. 
  Si0 
  2 
  and 
  silicates 
  1.2 
  

  

  A1 
  2 
  3 
  and 
  Fe 
  2 
  3 
  8 
  

  

  MgO 
  6 
  

  

  CaO 
  95 
  .6 
  

  

  99.2 
  

  

  Weight 
  of 
  cubic 
  feet 
  including 
  voids 
  ^ 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  , 
  60 
  lb 
  

  

  Yoids 
  44% 
  

  

  Density 
  of 
  lump 
  1 
  . 
  52 
  

  

  No. 
  of 
  experiment 
  1 
  2 
  • 
  3 
  4 
  5 
  

  

  •Weight 
  of 
  CaO 
  used 
  1,000 
  1,000 
  1,000 
  1,000 
  1,000 
  

  

  Weight 
  of 
  H,0 
  to 
  slake 
  1,000 
  2,000 
  2,500 
  3,000 
  4,000 
  

  

  Weight 
  of 
  B 
  a 
  O 
  for 
  paste 
  1,000 
  500 
  None 
  None 
  None 
  

  

  Volume 
  of 
  H 
  a 
  O 
  to 
  one 
  of 
  CaO 
  2 
  2.5 
  2.5 
  3 
  4 
  

  

  Volume 
  of 
  paste 
  2,000 
  2,560 
  2,712 
  3,120 
  4,120 
  

  

  Weight 
  of 
  paste 
  2,720 
  3,280 
  3,392 
  3,880 
  4,850 
  

  

  Density 
  of 
  paste 
  1.36 
  1.28 
  1.25 
  1.24 
  1.17 
  

  

  Characteristics 
  of 
  paste 
  Thick 
  Thick 
  Medium 
  Thin 
  Very 
  thin 
  

  

  Volume 
  of 
  sand, 
  moist 
  2,000 
  3,000 
  5,000 
  7,100 
  14,360 
  

  

  Weightofsand 
  3,000 
  4,500 
  7,500 
  10,800 
  20,600 
  

  

  Volume 
  of 
  sand 
  to 
  lime 
  2 
  3 
  5 
  7.1 
  14.4 
  

  

  Volume 
  of 
  sand 
  to 
  paste 
  1 
  1.2 
  1.8 
  2.6 
  3.5 
  

  

  Volume 
  of 
  mortar 
  3,320 
  4,400 
  5,840 
  7,200 
  13,500 
  

  

  Weight 
  of 
  mortar 
  5,740 
  7,760 
  10,650 
  13,960 
  25,450 
  

  

  Density 
  of 
  mortar 
  1.73 
  1.75 
  1.82 
  1.94 
  1.88 
  

  

  -Consistency 
  of 
  mortar 
  Thick 
  Medium 
  Medium 
  Sloppy 
  Very 
  sl'py 
  

  

  Dries 
  Cracks 
  Dries 
  without 
  shrinking 
  

  

  Percentage 
  composition 
  

  

  Water 
  30.00 
  29.30 
  22.50 
  20.70 
  15.1 
  

  

  Sand 
  52.60 
  67.90 
  68.10 
  72.20 
  82.0 
  

  

  Dime 
  17.40 
  12.80 
  9.40 
  7.10 
  3.9 
  

  

  100.00 
  100.00 
  100.00 
  100.00 
  100.00 
  

  

  Return 
  of 
  water 
  to 
  lime 
  1.7 
  2.3 
  2.4 
  2.90 
  3.9 
  

  

  Cements 
  

  

  The 
  name 
  cement 
  was 
  formerly 
  applied 
  only 
  to 
  materials 
  which 
  

   were 
  added 
  to 
  lime 
  mortar 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  harden 
  under 
  water. 
  

   Subsequently 
  this 
  term 
  was 
  used 
  for 
  all 
  combined 
  material 
  which 
  

   gave 
  a 
  mortar 
  that 
  hardened 
  under 
  water, 
  and 
  eo 
  has 
  ex- 
  

   tended 
  to 
  our 
  natural 
  and 
  portland 
  cement. 
  Cement 
  materials 
  

  

  