﻿LIMESTONES 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  ECONOMIC 
  VALUE 
  405 
  

  

  Portland 
  cement 
  industry 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  

  

  Portland 
  cement 
  was 
  first 
  manufactured 
  experimentally 
  in 
  this 
  

   country 
  at 
  Coplay, 
  Lehigh 
  co. 
  Pa. 
  in 
  1872 
  at 
  a 
  locality 
  in 
  which 
  

   natural 
  rock 
  cement 
  had 
  up 
  to 
  that 
  time 
  been 
  made. 
  A 
  second 
  

   one 
  was 
  at 
  Wampum, 
  Lawrence 
  co. 
  Pa. 
  where 
  fossiliferous 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  and 
  clay 
  were 
  used. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  Mr 
  Lewis 
  the 
  principal 
  portland 
  cement 
  plants 
  

   in 
  operation 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  day 
  together 
  with 
  

   their 
  dates 
  of 
  establishment 
  are: 
  

  

  Co. 
  Brand 
  Locality 
  Estab. 
  

  

  Coplay 
  cem. 
  co 
  Saylors, 
  Commercial 
  Coplay, 
  Pa 
  1875 
  

  

  J. 
  K. 
  Shinn 
  and 
  bro 
  Wampum 
  Wampum, 
  Pa 
  1876 
  

  

  Millen 
  and 
  sons 
  Millen 
  South 
  Bend, 
  Ind 
  . 
  „ 
  1877 
  

  

  Millen 
  and 
  sons 
  Millen 
  Wayland, 
  N. 
  Y 
  1892 
  

  

  Amer. 
  cem. 
  co 
  Giant 
  and 
  Egypt 
  Egypt, 
  Pa 
  1884 
  

  

  Amer. 
  cem. 
  co 
  Giant 
  Jordan, 
  N. 
  Y 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  , 
  1891 
  

  

  Emp. 
  port. 
  cem. 
  co 
  Empire 
  Warners, 
  N. 
  Y 
  1886 
  

  

  Atlas 
  cem. 
  co 
  Atlas 
  Coplay, 
  Pa 
  1889 
  

  

  Alpha 
  port, 
  cem 
  co 
  Alpha 
  Whitaker, 
  N. 
  J 
  1891, 
  b'94 
  

  

  West 
  port. 
  cem. 
  co 
  Western 
  Yankton, 
  S. 
  D 
  1890 
  

  

  Buckeye 
  cem. 
  co 
  Buckeye 
  Belief 
  ontaine, 
  O 
  1892 
  

  

  Sandusky 
  cem. 
  co 
  Medusa 
  Sandusky, 
  O 
  , 
  . 
  . 
  1803 
  

  

  Diam. 
  port. 
  cem. 
  co 
  Diamond 
  Middle 
  Branch, 
  1893, 
  &'97 
  

  

  Bonneville 
  cem. 
  co 
  Star 
  Siegfrieds 
  Br 
  , 
  Pa 
  1894 
  

  

  Vulcanite 
  cem. 
  co 
  Vulcanite 
  Vulcanite, 
  N. 
  J 
  1895 
  

  

  Glens 
  Falls 
  cem. 
  co 
  Iron 
  Clad 
  Glens 
  Falls, 
  N. 
  Y 
  1895 
  

  

  Bronson 
  port. 
  cem. 
  co 
  Bronson 
  Bronson, 
  Mich 
  1897 
  

  

  White 
  Cliffs 
  port. 
  cem. 
  co 
  Setter 
  White 
  Cliff, 
  Ark 
  1897 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  these 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  smaller 
  ones. 
  According 
  

   to 
  Mr 
  Lewis 
  the 
  total 
  capacity 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  works 
  is 
  about 
  

   3,000,000 
  barrels, 
  of 
  which 
  70$ 
  comes 
  from 
  the 
  Lehigh 
  valley 
  

   region 
  of 
  western 
  Pennsylvania 
  and 
  eastern 
  New 
  Jersey. 
  

  

  Composition 
  of 
  portland 
  cements. 
  The 
  essential 
  elements 
  of 
  port- 
  

   land 
  cement 
  are 
  calcium, 
  silica 
  and 
  aluminum. 
  The 
  first 
  is 
  gen- 
  

   erally 
  supplied 
  by 
  limestones 
  or 
  marl, 
  the 
  two 
  latter 
  by 
  clay. 
  In 
  

   burning 
  these 
  three 
  elements 
  unite 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  silicate 
  of 
  a 
  complex 
  

   nature, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  essential 
  that 
  they 
  be 
  combined 
  in 
  proper 
  propor- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  give 
  the 
  best 
  results. 
  

  

  In 
  rare 
  instances 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  find 
  a 
  natural 
  limestone 
  

   which 
  contains 
  the 
  three 
  essential 
  elements 
  in 
  the 
  proper 
  propor- 
  

  

  a 
  Mineral 
  industry, 
  1897, 
  p. 
  94. 
  

   * 
  Rebuilt. 
  

  

  