﻿418 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  this 
  country 
  was 
  the 
  English 
  dome 
  kiln. 
  This 
  kiln 
  represents 
  

   English 
  practice 
  of 
  25 
  years 
  ago, 
  and 
  kilns 
  of 
  this 
  type 
  are 
  more 
  

   numerous 
  yet 
  in 
  America 
  than 
  any 
  other 
  style. 
  They 
  are 
  inter- 
  

   mittent 
  in 
  operation. 
  In 
  preparing 
  the 
  kiln 
  for 
  burning 
  it 
  is 
  

   customary 
  to 
  pile 
  wood 
  and 
  coke 
  for 
  several 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  

   grate, 
  and 
  then 
  above 
  that 
  dried 
  slurry 
  and 
  coke 
  in 
  alternat- 
  

   ing 
  layers 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  door 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  stack. 
  The 
  doors 
  

   in 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  kiln 
  are 
  then 
  sealed 
  up, 
  the 
  fire 
  started 
  

   at 
  the 
  bottom 
  and 
  allowed 
  to 
  burn 
  its 
  way 
  through 
  the 
  clinker 
  

   to 
  the 
  top. 
  The 
  doors 
  are 
  then 
  opened 
  and 
  the 
  clinkers 
  dis- 
  

   charged 
  through 
  them 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  bottom. 
  The 
  kiln 
  is 
  then 
  

   recharged 
  for 
  another 
  burning. 
  . 
  The 
  operation 
  is 
  then 
  repeated, 
  

   the 
  kiln 
  being 
  recharged 
  about 
  once 
  in 
  a 
  week 
  or 
  10 
  days. 
  This 
  

   kiln 
  is 
  rather 
  expensive 
  in 
  fuel 
  and 
  produces 
  an 
  output 
  averaging 
  

   only 
  three 
  to 
  six 
  tons 
  of 
  cement 
  a 
  day 
  in 
  a 
  month's 
  run. 
  A 
  

   good 
  deal 
  of 
  sorting 
  and 
  picking 
  of 
  the 
  clinker 
  is 
  required 
  to 
  

   exclude 
  the 
  underburnt 
  and 
  vitrified 
  material. 
  Until 
  1889 
  these 
  

   were 
  the 
  only 
  kilns 
  used 
  in 
  this 
  country. 
  At 
  this 
  date 
  however 
  

   the 
  Atlas 
  cement 
  co. 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  began 
  to 
  experiment 
  at 
  Ooplay, 
  

   Pa. 
  with 
  revolving 
  continuous 
  kilns, 
  employing 
  crude 
  petroleum 
  

   for 
  fuel. 
  The 
  oil 
  was 
  blown 
  in 
  by 
  jets 
  at 
  one 
  end 
  and 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   ducts 
  of 
  combustion 
  passed 
  into 
  a 
  stack 
  at 
  the 
  upper 
  end 
  of 
  an 
  

   inclined 
  revolving 
  cylinder. 
  This 
  kiln 
  has 
  been 
  patented 
  in 
  Eng- 
  

   land 
  by 
  Mr 
  Frederick 
  Ransome 
  who 
  also 
  secured 
  an 
  American 
  

   patent 
  for 
  it. 
  Since 
  1889 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  successfully 
  developed 
  and 
  

   used 
  by 
  the 
  Atlas 
  co. 
  and 
  other 
  manufacturers 
  in 
  America. 
  

   Though 
  this 
  type 
  of 
  kiln 
  has 
  been 
  unsuccessful 
  in 
  England, 
  in 
  

   this 
  country 
  there 
  are 
  about 
  40 
  of 
  them 
  in 
  operation, 
  both 
  on 
  

   the 
  hard 
  raw 
  material 
  of 
  the 
  Lehigh 
  valley 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  soft, 
  wet 
  

   marls 
  of 
  Ohio 
  and 
  Michigan. 
  The 
  revolving 
  continuous 
  kiln 
  

   therefore 
  is 
  to 
  all 
  intents 
  and 
  purposes 
  an 
  American 
  device 
  since 
  

   its 
  only 
  successful 
  development 
  has 
  been 
  in 
  this 
  country. 
  Origi- 
  

   nally 
  employed 
  with 
  producer-gas 
  it 
  was 
  subsequently 
  modified 
  

   so 
  as 
  to 
  use 
  jets 
  of 
  crude 
  petroleum, 
  while 
  latterly 
  experiments 
  

   have 
  been 
  made 
  with 
  a 
  view 
  to 
  utilizing 
  pulverized 
  coal 
  as 
  fuel, 
  

   and 
  several 
  plants 
  are 
  working 
  kilns 
  employing 
  this 
  fuel. 
  

  

  