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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  very 
  interesting 
  comparative 
  tests 
  between 
  this 
  method 
  of 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  and 
  the 
  hollow 
  tile 
  arches 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  

   city 
  under 
  the 
  auspices 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  bureau 
  of 
  building 
  in- 
  

   spection. 
  In 
  these 
  tests 
  the 
  result 
  obtained 
  from 
  concrete 
  ashes 
  

   has 
  been 
  extremely 
  satisfactory. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  fact 
  that 
  cement 
  clinker 
  

   is 
  produced 
  at 
  a 
  considerably 
  higher 
  temperature 
  than 
  the 
  ordi- 
  

   nary 
  fire-clay 
  tile. 
  This 
  is 
  specially 
  true 
  when 
  the 
  cement 
  clinker 
  

   is 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  hard 
  tile 
  which 
  is 
  semi-vitrified 
  in 
  manu- 
  

   facture. 
  The 
  temperature 
  at 
  which 
  cement 
  clinker 
  is 
  produced 
  in 
  

   kilns 
  undoubtedly 
  varies 
  with 
  different 
  compositions, 
  but 
  with 
  a 
  

   percentage 
  of 
  lime 
  of 
  62 
  or 
  more 
  in 
  the 
  cement 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  taken 
  for 
  

   granted 
  that 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  calcination 
  is 
  between 
  2800° 
  

   and 
  3000° 
  F. 
  When 
  the 
  cement 
  is 
  made 
  into 
  mortar 
  it 
  of 
  course 
  

   takes 
  up 
  water 
  which 
  it 
  will 
  lose 
  again 
  at 
  a 
  red 
  heat 
  and 
  in 
  thus 
  

   losing 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  hydration 
  it 
  will 
  also 
  lose 
  considerable 
  

   strength. 
  The 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  fire 
  tests 
  however 
  show 
  very 
  clearly 
  

   that 
  while 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  loss 
  of 
  strength 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  the 
  cement 
  does 
  

   not 
  disintegrate 
  or 
  lose 
  body. 
  On 
  the 
  contrary 
  the 
  effect 
  pro- 
  

   duced 
  is 
  to 
  render 
  the 
  concrete 
  which 
  is 
  in 
  immediate 
  contact 
  

   with 
  the 
  fire 
  light 
  and 
  porous 
  and 
  this 
  constitutes 
  a 
  non-con- 
  

   ductor 
  to 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  concrete 
  beyond 
  it. 
  In 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  

   different 
  constructions 
  the 
  concrete 
  has 
  very 
  successfully 
  stood 
  

   nre 
  test 
  in 
  this 
  way, 
  and 
  indeed 
  results 
  have 
  been 
  so 
  satisfactory 
  

   and 
  construction 
  of 
  this 
  kind 
  can 
  be 
  effected 
  at 
  such 
  moderate 
  

   cost 
  that 
  there 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  there 
  will 
  be 
  a 
  great 
  

   development 
  of 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  hydraulic 
  cement 
  for 
  this 
  type 
  of 
  

   construction. 
  

  

  DESCRIPTION 
  OF 
  THE 
  LIMESTONE 
  OCCURRENCES 
  BY 
  COUNTIES 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  limestones 
  can 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  

   any 
  good 
  geological 
  map 
  of 
  the 
  state. 
  In 
  the 
  following 
  pages 
  

   those 
  counties 
  are 
  mentioned 
  in 
  which 
  ,the 
  limestone 
  formations 
  

   become 
  of 
  importance. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  course 
  not 
  possible 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  de- 
  

   tailed 
  description 
  or 
  analysis 
  of 
  every 
  quarry 
  but 
  still 
  it 
  is 
  hoped 
  

   that 
  enough 
  is 
  given 
  to 
  enable 
  those 
  seeking 
  certain 
  kinds 
  of 
  

   limestone 
  to 
  find 
  them 
  more 
  quickly. 
  

  

  