﻿LIMESTONES 
  OP 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  ECONOMIC 
  VALUE 
  435 
  

  

  county 
  line 
  to 
  Buffalo. 
  Most 
  of 
  this 
  distance 
  the 
  escarpment 
  is 
  

   nearly 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  Bloomingdale 
  and 
  Williamsville 
  road. 
  The 
  

   hydraulic 
  limestone 
  is 
  generally 
  visible 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  escarp- 
  

   ment 
  where 
  it 
  forms 
  a 
  layer 
  of 
  variable 
  thickness 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  

   the 
  cliff. 
  Sometimes 
  it 
  forms 
  a 
  terrace 
  from 
  a 
  few 
  feet 
  to 
  200 
  

   yards 
  in 
  width 
  which 
  runs 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  escarpment. 
  This 
  is 
  

   specially 
  well 
  marked 
  between 
  the 
  Williamsville 
  and 
  Buffalo 
  

   city 
  line. 
  The 
  Onondaga 
  limestone 
  in 
  Erie 
  county 
  forms 
  a 
  thin 
  

   band 
  between 
  the 
  hydraulic 
  limestone 
  and 
  the 
  overlying 
  Cornif- 
  

   erous 
  limestone. 
  It 
  varies. 
  in 
  color 
  from 
  blue 
  gray 
  to 
  a 
  light 
  

   gray, 
  and 
  also 
  varies 
  in 
  thickness, 
  reaching 
  its 
  maximum 
  of 
  35 
  

   feet 
  in 
  Fogelsonger's 
  quarry 
  at 
  Williamsville. 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  same 
  

   thickness 
  two 
  miles 
  further 
  on 
  but 
  then 
  begins 
  to 
  thin 
  out 
  rapidly. 
  

   The 
  formation 
  in 
  Erie 
  county 
  instead 
  of 
  being 
  of 
  one 
  continuous 
  

   bed 
  is 
  really 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  lenticular 
  masses 
  occurring 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  

   horizon. 
  The 
  Corniferous 
  limestone 
  in 
  Erie 
  county 
  forms 
  some- 
  

   what 
  of 
  an 
  escarpment 
  as 
  already 
  mentioned. 
  The 
  rock 
  outcrops 
  

   are 
  not 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  very 
  extensive 
  but 
  good 
  ones 
  occur 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  

   below 
  Mill 
  grove 
  near 
  a 
  dam 
  across 
  Endicott 
  creek, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  

   the 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  stream 
  for 
  three 
  miles 
  below 
  Wilhelm, 
  and 
  

   also 
  near 
  the 
  same 
  place. 
  Again 
  this 
  limestone 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  Gage 
  

   creek 
  at 
  Kieffer's 
  quarry 
  near 
  the 
  transit 
  road 
  about 
  a 
  mile 
  west 
  

   of 
  Lancaster. 
  

  

  Hydraulic 
  limestone. 
  This 
  extends 
  through 
  Williamsville, 
  Clar- 
  

   ence 
  and 
  Akron. 
  Along 
  the 
  whole 
  line 
  of 
  its 
  outcrop 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  

   quarried 
  at 
  numerous 
  places 
  but 
  generally 
  only 
  for 
  building 
  

   purposes. 
  The 
  section 
  at 
  the 
  works 
  of 
  the 
  Buffalo 
  cement 
  co. 
  

   gives 
  the 
  following 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  limestones 
  : 
  

  

  Flint 
  and 
  limestone, 
  Corniferous, 
  3 
  to 
  9 
  ft 
  

   Onondaga 
  lime 
  5 
  ft 
  8 
  in. 
  

   Loose 
  friable 
  limestone 
  6 
  in. 
  

   "Gypsum 
  crystal 
  6 
  in. 
  

  

  Hydraulic 
  limestone, 
  porous, 
  known 
  as 
  bull 
  head, 
  7 
  ft 
  

   Cement 
  rock 
  used 
  for 
  burning, 
  3 
  ft 
  8 
  in. 
  

   Impure 
  hydraulic 
  lime 
  at 
  bottom 
  

  

  The 
  bull 
  head 
  stratum 
  furnishes 
  the 
  great 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  

   lime 
  used 
  for 
  building 
  purposes. 
  

  

  Onondaga 
  limestone. 
  One 
  or 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  lenticular 
  masses 
  already 
  

   mentioned 
  occur 
  near 
  Williamsville 
  in 
  the 
  quarry 
  of 
  Fogelsonger 
  

   & 
  Young. 
  It 
  is 
  highly 
  fossiliferous 
  and 
  quite 
  pure 
  as 
  shown 
  by 
  

  

  