﻿512 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  toward 
  Lake 
  Champlain. 
  The 
  divides 
  between 
  the 
  headwaters 
  

   of 
  the 
  brooks 
  are 
  well 
  over 
  to 
  the 
  west, 
  and 
  the 
  highest 
  summits 
  

   of 
  the 
  hills 
  front 
  immediately 
  on 
  Lake 
  George. 
  There 
  are 
  but 
  

   two 
  marked 
  cross-passes, 
  both 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  utilized 
  by 
  high- 
  

   ways. 
  

  

  Series 
  1. 
  The 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  town 
  consists 
  of 
  gneisses 
  be- 
  

   longing 
  to 
  this 
  series. 
  The 
  .prolongation 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  of 
  Mt 
  

   Defiance 
  of 
  Ticonderoga 
  township, 
  enters 
  from 
  the 
  north, 
  and 
  

   terminates 
  in 
  Record 
  hill 
  and 
  Anthony's 
  Nose. 
  The 
  gneiss 
  of 
  

   Mt 
  Defiance 
  a 
  is 
  peculiar 
  in 
  presenting 
  a 
  marked 
  igneous 
  aspect, 
  

   and 
  in 
  thin 
  section 
  exhibits 
  microperthite, 
  augite, 
  hypersthene, 
  

   hornblende 
  and 
  quartz. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  " 
  Whitehall 
  type 
  " 
  of 
  this 
  

   report. 
  The 
  same 
  type 
  of 
  rock 
  continues 
  into 
  Putnam, 
  but 
  

   gneisses 
  of 
  a 
  different 
  character 
  are 
  also 
  met. 
  Much 
  biotite 
  

   appears 
  and 
  every 
  evidence 
  of 
  intense 
  compression 
  and 
  shearing 
  

   is 
  present. 
  The 
  feldspars 
  are 
  frequently 
  white 
  instead 
  of 
  green 
  

   and 
  the 
  rock 
  is 
  often 
  decidedly 
  schistose. 
  Gneisses 
  of 
  the 
  com- 
  

   position 
  of 
  hornblende 
  granites 
  or 
  of 
  diorites 
  and 
  of 
  more 
  mas- 
  

   sive 
  aspect 
  are 
  of 
  wide 
  distribution 
  and 
  others 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  quartzose 
  

   character 
  are 
  richly 
  provided 
  with 
  garnets. 
  Just 
  south 
  of 
  

   Wrights, 
  a 
  dark 
  hornblende 
  schist 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  gneisses 
  

   (spec. 
  40) 
  probably 
  representing 
  a 
  pinched 
  intrusion 
  of 
  basic 
  

   rock. 
  The 
  strike 
  of 
  the 
  gneisses 
  is 
  quite 
  variable. 
  Near 
  Wrights 
  

   it 
  is 
  nearly 
  north 
  and 
  south 
  with 
  an 
  easterly 
  dip, 
  but 
  elsewhere 
  

   it 
  is 
  chiefly 
  east 
  and 
  west, 
  or 
  a 
  little 
  north 
  of 
  west, 
  but 
  the 
  dips 
  

   are 
  variable. 
  As 
  no 
  stratigraphic 
  significance 
  is 
  attached 
  to 
  

   the 
  foliation 
  no 
  attempt 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  work 
  out 
  structure. 
  

   In 
  any 
  event 
  more 
  determinations 
  of 
  dip 
  and 
  strike 
  would 
  be 
  

   needed 
  than 
  are 
  now 
  available. 
  

  

  Series 
  2. 
  The 
  crystalline 
  limestones 
  form 
  a 
  small 
  area 
  in 
  the 
  

   southern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  township. 
  They 
  are 
  coarsely 
  crystalline, 
  

   graphitic 
  marble, 
  with 
  much 
  quartz 
  disseminated 
  through 
  them. 
  

   They 
  are 
  conformable 
  with 
  the 
  strike 
  and 
  dip 
  of 
  the 
  inclosing 
  

  

  ©Similar 
  rocks 
  were 
  studied 
  by 
  H. 
  P. 
  Cushing 
  in 
  1897 
  and 
  1898 
  near 
  Loonlako 
  

   where 
  they 
  are 
  regarded 
  as 
  belonging 
  to 
  series 
  3, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  also 
  quite 
  possible 
  In 
  this 
  

   area. 
  

  

  