﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  WASHINGTON, 
  WARREN 
  COUNTIES, 
  ETC. 
  521 
  

  

  ing 
  in 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  fault 
  line. 
  The 
  fault 
  is 
  probably 
  

   continued 
  in 
  the 
  depression 
  filled 
  by 
  Lake 
  Champlain, 
  curving 
  

   around 
  to 
  the 
  northward, 
  and 
  while 
  the 
  latter 
  depression 
  has 
  

   beyond 
  question 
  been 
  a 
  river 
  valley 
  in 
  its 
  later 
  stages, 
  as 
  sug- 
  

   gested 
  by 
  S. 
  Prentiss 
  Baldwin,® 
  and 
  as 
  is 
  apparent 
  even 
  to 
  casual 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  topography 
  from 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  neighboring 
  hights, 
  yet 
  

   faulting 
  is 
  regarded 
  by 
  us 
  as 
  the 
  prime 
  cause 
  that 
  directed 
  the 
  

   original 
  drainage. 
  

  

  The 
  ridge 
  of 
  crystallines 
  has 
  a 
  steep 
  front 
  to 
  the 
  northwest, 
  

   precisely 
  as 
  does 
  the 
  ridge 
  that 
  forms 
  the 
  back 
  bone 
  of 
  Dresden 
  

   and 
  Putnam 
  townships, 
  but 
  the 
  former 
  ridge 
  lies 
  southwest 
  of 
  

   the 
  latter, 
  and 
  the 
  separation 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  South 
  bay 
  fault, 
  which 
  

   is 
  parallel 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  with 
  the 
  depression 
  of 
  Lake 
  George. 
  

   There 
  is 
  great 
  reason, 
  we 
  think, 
  for 
  believing 
  Lake 
  George 
  to 
  lie 
  

   on 
  another 
  great 
  line 
  of 
  faulting, 
  with 
  a 
  drop 
  on 
  the 
  northwest 
  

   side. 
  

  

  The 
  ridge 
  in 
  Whitehall 
  slopes 
  quite 
  gradually 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  

   southeast, 
  and 
  its 
  surface 
  is 
  in 
  general 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  dip 
  of 
  the 
  

   foliation, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  presents 
  an 
  outline 
  that 
  is 
  often 
  met 
  in 
  the 
  

   Adirondacks. 
  Certain 
  other 
  structural 
  features 
  will 
  be 
  later 
  

   brought 
  out, 
  the 
  purpose 
  at 
  this 
  point 
  being 
  to 
  specially 
  em- 
  

   phasize 
  the 
  topography. 
  

  

  East 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  of 
  crystalline 
  rocks 
  lies 
  a 
  valley, 
  flat 
  and 
  filled 
  

   with 
  Champlain 
  clay, 
  and 
  with 
  streams 
  at 
  a 
  base 
  level. 
  On 
  the 
  

   east 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  drainage, 
  except 
  for 
  two 
  small 
  hillocks 
  

   along 
  the 
  inlet, 
  below 
  the 
  town, 
  all 
  the 
  rocks 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  Cambrian 
  

   paleozoics, 
  embracing 
  on 
  the 
  extreme 
  east 
  the 
  Georgian, 
  and 
  in 
  

   the 
  center 
  several 
  of 
  the 
  Ordovician 
  members. 
  6 
  The 
  pal- 
  

   eozoic 
  formation 
  presents 
  a 
  very 
  broken 
  and 
  hilly 
  topography, 
  

   partly 
  from 
  faulted 
  blocks, 
  like 
  Skeen 
  mountain, 
  near 
  Whitehall, 
  

   partly 
  from 
  the 
  greater 
  relative 
  erosion 
  of 
  softer 
  strata. 
  

  

  a 
  Pleistocene 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  Champlain 
  valley, 
  American 
  geologist, 
  Mar. 
  1894, 
  p. 
  170. 
  Judge 
  

   Baldwin 
  treats 
  specially 
  of 
  the 
  Pleistocene 
  times, 
  but 
  states, 
  p. 
  171, 
  " 
  Lake 
  Champlain 
  occupies 
  a 
  

   long 
  and 
  narrow 
  valley, 
  probably 
  only 
  partly 
  a 
  valley 
  of 
  erosion, 
  between 
  the 
  Green 
  mountains 
  on 
  

   the 
  east 
  and 
  the 
  Adirondacks 
  on 
  the 
  west.'" 
  And 
  again, 
  p. 
  177, 
  «' 
  While 
  the 
  uplifting 
  of 
  the 
  moun- 
  

   tains 
  of 
  Vermont 
  and 
  New 
  York 
  probably 
  had 
  much 
  to 
  do 
  with 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  a 
  valley 
  here, 
  yet 
  

   the 
  valley 
  itself 
  is 
  certainly 
  a 
  valley 
  of 
  erosion." 
  

  

  6C.D. 
  Walcott. 
  Map 
  in 
  Amer. 
  journal 
  of 
  science. 
  Ap. 
  1888. 
  

  

  