﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  WASHINGTON, 
  WARREN 
  COUNTIES, 
  ETC. 
  527 
  

  

  The 
  Champlain 
  clays 
  are 
  much 
  the 
  most 
  prominent 
  of 
  the 
  

   pleistocene 
  deposits. 
  They 
  fill 
  the 
  valleys 
  and 
  fringe 
  the 
  hills 
  

   and 
  while 
  most 
  pronounced 
  between 
  the 
  lake 
  level 
  and 
  the 
  140 
  

   foot 
  contour, 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  small 
  areas 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  the 
  

   400 
  foot 
  contour, 
  on 
  the 
  hillside 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  town, 
  if 
  the 
  locality 
  

   is 
  rightly 
  located 
  on 
  the 
  topographic 
  map. 
  Due 
  west 
  of 
  White- 
  

   hall 
  and 
  just 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  section 
  BB 
  of 
  the 
  enlarged 
  

   map, 
  plate 
  4, 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  pond 
  between 
  the 
  380 
  and 
  400 
  foot 
  

   contours. 
  Clay 
  occurs 
  along 
  a 
  wood-road 
  still 
  higher 
  than 
  this 
  

   pond, 
  and 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  west. 
  This 
  altitude 
  is 
  above 
  any 
  

   given 
  in 
  Mr 
  Baldwin's 
  paper 
  earlier 
  cited, 
  and 
  while 
  we 
  had 
  no 
  

   barometer 
  with 
  us, 
  there 
  seemed 
  no 
  doubt 
  about 
  the 
  identity 
  

   of 
  the 
  pond. 
  The 
  one 
  visited 
  by 
  us 
  was 
  an 
  abandoned 
  mill-pond 
  

   with 
  a 
  broken 
  and 
  dilapidated 
  dam. 
  

  

  Structural 
  geology. 
  The 
  hill 
  west 
  of 
  Whitehall 
  affords 
  us 
  one 
  

   of 
  the 
  few 
  places 
  where 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  work 
  out 
  a 
  satis- 
  

   factory 
  solution 
  of 
  the 
  structural 
  relations. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  doming 
  

   anticline. 
  The 
  foliation 
  is 
  so 
  pronounced 
  and 
  definite 
  that 
  dips 
  

   and 
  strikes 
  can 
  be 
  taken 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  facility 
  as 
  in 
  sediments. 
  

   Beginning 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  with 
  section 
  AA 
  of 
  plate 
  4, 
  we 
  find 
  

   a 
  low 
  northerly 
  dip 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  faulted 
  blocks, 
  which 
  project 
  

   from 
  the 
  plain 
  of 
  Champlain 
  clays 
  that 
  surround 
  them 
  on 
  all 
  

   sides. 
  Crossing 
  the 
  fault 
  and 
  passing 
  up 
  the 
  large 
  hill, 
  the 
  same 
  

   conditions 
  hold 
  for 
  about 
  a 
  mile, 
  and 
  then 
  the 
  dips 
  with 
  some 
  

   minor 
  rolls, 
  turn 
  to 
  the 
  southward 
  and 
  still 
  with 
  low 
  inclination 
  

   from 
  the 
  south 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  fold. 
  Passing 
  now 
  along 
  section 
  

   BB, 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  an 
  anticline 
  is 
  also 
  present 
  from 
  east 
  to 
  west, 
  

   and 
  of 
  a 
  somewhat 
  more 
  pronounced 
  character. 
  The 
  two 
  sec- 
  

   tions 
  together 
  indicate 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  pronounced 
  fold 
  with 
  a 
  

   north 
  and 
  south 
  axis, 
  which 
  is 
  further 
  bent 
  by 
  a 
  cross-fold 
  with 
  

   an 
  axis 
  approximately 
  east 
  and 
  west. 
  If 
  we 
  use 
  Pumpelly's 
  law 
  

   that 
  the 
  minor 
  crumplings 
  have 
  an 
  axial 
  direction 
  parallel 
  to 
  

   the 
  large 
  ones, 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  may 
  be 
  inferred 
  from 
  

   the 
  axis 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  fold 
  that 
  was 
  well 
  shown 
  at 
  74 
  in 
  the 
  quarry 
  

   in 
  the 
  outskirts 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  town. 
  Its 
  axis 
  bears 
  N 
  40 
  W. 
  

   On 
  the 
  mountain 
  the 
  dips 
  are 
  so 
  gentle 
  that 
  a 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  

  

  