﻿528 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  ' 
  ' 
  

  

  observations 
  would 
  be 
  necessary 
  to 
  establish 
  the 
  exact 
  alignment. 
  

   Though 
  greatly 
  attracted 
  by 
  the 
  problem, 
  we 
  felt 
  unable 
  to 
  give 
  

   longer 
  time 
  to 
  it 
  than 
  sufficed 
  to 
  prove 
  the 
  larger 
  features. 
  Not 
  

   a 
  few 
  cross-gulches 
  on 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  suggest 
  the 
  pres- 
  

   ence 
  of 
  cross-faults. 
  There 
  is 
  also 
  crumpling 
  at 
  the 
  north 
  end 
  

   of 
  the 
  hill 
  near 
  the 
  summit 
  but 
  its 
  axial 
  bearing 
  from 
  imperfect 
  

   outcrops 
  we 
  did 
  not 
  ascertain. 
  

  

  Faults. 
  Faults 
  of 
  diagrammatic 
  perfection 
  are 
  displayed 
  at 
  

   two 
  points 
  in 
  cliffs. 
  In 
  the 
  cut 
  on 
  the 
  railway 
  just 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  

   post, 
  79 
  miles 
  from 
  Albany 
  and 
  112 
  from 
  Rouse 
  Point, 
  as 
  shown 
  

   on 
  the 
  enlarged 
  map 
  of 
  Whitehall 
  (plate 
  4), 
  a 
  fault 
  has 
  mashed 
  

   the 
  green 
  gneiss 
  to 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  dark, 
  shaly, 
  fault-breccia. 
  The 
  line 
  

   of 
  displacement 
  trends 
  N 
  45 
  E, 
  and 
  is 
  parallel 
  to 
  a 
  pronounced 
  

   system 
  of 
  joints, 
  along 
  which 
  a 
  throw 
  is 
  not 
  diseernable 
  in 
  most 
  

   cases. 
  Two 
  or 
  three 
  minor 
  faults 
  also 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  cut. 
  

  

  The 
  finest 
  fault 
  met 
  by 
  us, 
  is 
  however 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  

   shore 
  of 
  South 
  bay, 
  at 
  no. 
  53. 
  The 
  fissure 
  strikes 
  in 
  a 
  direction 
  

   N 
  45 
  W, 
  and 
  is 
  nearly 
  vertical. 
  It 
  has 
  produced 
  a 
  zone 
  of 
  

   crushed, 
  rusty, 
  kaolinized, 
  fault-breccia 
  6 
  to 
  8 
  feet 
  wide 
  that 
  from 
  

   a 
  distance 
  looks 
  like 
  a 
  porphyry 
  dike. 
  The 
  soft 
  rock 
  has 
  been 
  

   eroded 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  little 
  recess 
  in 
  the 
  cliff 
  and 
  as 
  it 
  visibly 
  

   runs 
  up 
  for 
  30 
  or 
  40 
  feet 
  it 
  affords 
  a 
  most 
  beautiful 
  illustration 
  

   of 
  this 
  phenomenon. 
  There 
  are 
  apparently 
  other 
  small 
  breaks 
  

   and 
  brecciated 
  joints 
  along 
  the 
  same 
  cliff. 
  

  

  If 
  now 
  we 
  attempt 
  to 
  decipher 
  the 
  topography 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  

   the 
  clues 
  afforded 
  by 
  these 
  two 
  lines 
  of 
  disturbance, 
  it 
  is 
  notice- 
  

   able 
  that 
  the 
  escarpments 
  are 
  chiefly 
  parallel 
  to 
  them. 
  For 
  ex- 
  

   ample, 
  the 
  cross-fault 
  assumed 
  to 
  exist 
  beneath 
  the 
  little 
  valley 
  

   at 
  the 
  north 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  ridge 
  bears 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  general 
  

   direction 
  as 
  the 
  fault 
  at 
  53. 
  The 
  same 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  escarpment, 
  

   which 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  northeast 
  side 
  of 
  Lake 
  Champlain 
  

   and 
  which 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  Austin 
  hill. 
  The 
  southwest 
  escarpment 
  

   of 
  Skeen 
  hill 
  in 
  Whitehall 
  village 
  also 
  shows 
  the 
  same 
  bearing, 
  

   the 
  hill 
  itself 
  being 
  a 
  faulted 
  rectangular 
  block 
  with 
  an 
  escarp- 
  

   ment 
  parallel 
  to 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  fault 
  directions. 
  The 
  same 
  char- 
  

   acters 
  hold 
  good 
  for 
  other 
  blocks 
  outside 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  our 
  map. 
  

  

  