﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  WASHINGTON, 
  WARREN 
  COUNTIES, 
  ETC. 
  531 
  

  

  eralogy. 
  No. 
  80 
  contains 
  lenses 
  or 
  eyes 
  (augen) 
  of 
  orthoclase, 
  

   with 
  reddish 
  biotite 
  and 
  some 
  quartz. 
  No. 
  100 
  closely 
  resembles 
  

   a 
  quartzite. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  garnetiferous 
  quartzy 
  rock 
  with 
  a 
  little 
  biotite 
  

   and 
  feldspar. 
  No. 
  98 
  is 
  a 
  thinly 
  foliated 
  feldspathic 
  gneiss 
  of 
  

   granitic 
  composition, 
  but 
  almost 
  a 
  schist 
  in 
  structure. 
  Quartz 
  

   is 
  fairly 
  abundant. 
  

  

  Series 
  2. 
  The 
  crystalline 
  limestones 
  appear 
  in 
  several 
  email 
  out- 
  

   crops 
  in 
  the 
  southeastern 
  crystalline 
  areas. 
  They 
  are 
  of 
  moderate 
  

   thickness, 
  sometimes 
  less 
  than 
  10 
  feet, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  instance, 
  at 
  

   no. 
  98, 
  about 
  100 
  feet. 
  The 
  limestones 
  are 
  thickly 
  charged 
  with 
  

   pyroxene 
  and 
  graphite, 
  and 
  show 
  the 
  effects 
  of 
  mashing 
  and 
  

   shearing. 
  At 
  98 
  one 
  of 
  us 
  (Mr 
  Newland) 
  detected 
  an 
  apparent 
  

   unconformity 
  at 
  the 
  eastern 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  and 
  between 
  

   it 
  and 
  the 
  gneiss. 
  The 
  gneiss 
  dips 
  southeast, 
  the 
  limestone 
  north- 
  

   west, 
  although 
  both 
  strike 
  N 
  40 
  E. 
  Apparently 
  there 
  is 
  

   brecciation 
  at 
  the 
  contact, 
  due 
  to 
  faulting. 
  General 
  phenomena 
  

   of 
  this 
  character 
  were 
  observed 
  by 
  Pumpelly, 
  Walcott 
  and 
  Van 
  

   Hise 
  in 
  1890 
  a 
  , 
  and 
  a 
  cut 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  ledges 
  in 
  this 
  

   region 
  is 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  16th 
  annual 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  director 
  of 
  the 
  U. 
  8. 
  

   geological 
  survey, 
  part 
  1, 
  p. 
  772, 
  pi. 
  113. 
  It 
  brings 
  out 
  forcibly 
  the 
  

   way 
  in 
  which 
  masses 
  of 
  gneiss 
  have 
  been 
  torn 
  off 
  and 
  involved 
  in 
  

   the 
  limestone 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  mashing. 
  These 
  included 
  fragments 
  

   of 
  gneiss, 
  it 
  is 
  fair 
  to 
  state, 
  have 
  been 
  interpreted 
  by 
  Pumpelly 
  6 
  

   as 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  ancient 
  superficial 
  decay, 
  which 
  became 
  in- 
  

   volved 
  in 
  the 
  limestone 
  sediment 
  during 
  the 
  invasion 
  of 
  the 
  

   ancient 
  sea, 
  but 
  the 
  writers 
  can 
  not 
  support 
  the 
  suggestion. 
  

  

  Series 
  3. 
  Gabbro 
  occurs 
  on 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  South 
  bay 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  

   intrusion 
  that 
  runs 
  at 
  least 
  200 
  feet 
  along 
  the 
  shore. 
  The 
  border- 
  

   ing 
  gneisses 
  are 
  much 
  contorted, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  western 
  edge 
  the 
  

   gabbro 
  is 
  apparently 
  finely 
  crystallized 
  next 
  the 
  contact. 
  A 
  

   small 
  intrusion 
  likewise 
  occurs 
  near 
  the 
  southwest 
  corner 
  of 
  

   Whitehall 
  township. 
  6 
  

  

  Series 
  4. 
  The 
  paleozoics 
  fringe 
  the 
  crystallines 
  to 
  the 
  south- 
  

   east, 
  both 
  the 
  Potsdam 
  and 
  the 
  Calciferous 
  being 
  met. 
  Two 
  

  

  a 
  See 
  U.S. 
  geological 
  survey. 
  Bulletin 
  86, 
  p. 
  398. 
  

   & 
  Bulletin 
  geol. 
  soc. 
  of 
  America, 
  1892, 
  2:218. 
  

  

  cln 
  1898, 
  two 
  other 
  areas 
  were 
  met 
  just 
  northwest 
  of 
  Copeland 
  pond 
  by 
  B. 
  F. 
  Hill, 
  "and 
  a 
  third 
  

   about 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  south 
  of 
  Podunk 
  pond. 
  

  

  