196 MR. K. D. OLDKAM ON THE [May I9OI, 



Mr. Marr brought forward geological evidence of a dome-like 

 structure having actually existed, he did not himself presume to 

 express an opinion on the matter. He thought that the Author's 

 theory might explain several features in the configuration, such as 

 the inward trend of the Glenderamackin Valley, and the double 

 basins which appear more or less distinctly in Derwentwater and 

 Bassenthwaite Lake, which did not fit into the theory of dome- 

 structure. 



Mr, A. E, Salter asked whether the solid strata below confirmed 

 the Author's theor}' of upheaval, and whether any fluviatile deposits 

 of the old river postulated in the paper had been found. He was 

 glad to note that the Author, with his wide experience, favoured 

 the work of subaerial agencies rather than marine in explaining the 

 phenomena observed. 



Mr. J. E. Clark asked whether the Author had sufficiently con- 

 sidered the tremendous rainfall of the Lake District. The streams 

 when quiescent give no idea of the tremendous volume hurrying 

 down the valleys in storms : it has been said that the Derwent at 

 Cockermouth carries more water to the sea than any other river in 

 England. The Author's references to the morainic deposits near 

 Dunmail Eaise were hardly conclusive proofs that they were records 

 •of the intensest epoch of the Glacial Period. That was a time when 

 almost all the area was ice-submerged, implying far more powerful 

 effects. 



Mr. A. Strahan reminded the Author that ' through valleys,' such 

 B.S he had described, occurred in many mountain-regions. One 

 traversing Xorth Wales had been recently described by Mr. Lake, 

 by whom a somewhat similar theory had been put forward. The 

 Isle of Man was almost cut in two by such a valley, and others 

 occurred in Scotland and elsewhere. The contoured map exhibited 

 scarcely seemed to support the Author's contention that the region 

 had been traversed from north to south by a main river. It 

 showed that the water-parting of the Lake District, though of no 

 great length, ran generally east and west, and that the high land 

 composing it exhibited no such bisection as would have been pro- 

 duced by the passage of a main river. It presented various stages 

 in the process of breaking down, and the case described by the 

 Author was merely the furthest advanced of several examples. At 

 that point the Wy th Burn, flowing northward, was overlapped by the 

 headwater of the Eaise Beck flowing southward. Between them the 

 two streams left a narrow tract, in which a gap appeared to have 

 originated by the crumbling away of the rocks along a line of 

 weakness, possibly due to the outcrop of a soft bed or to a fault. 

 The solid geology, however, seemed to have been left out of account. 

 While not accepting the xiuthor's conclusions, he thought the paper 

 highly suggestive. 



Mr. W. WniTAKER, the Eev. J. P. Blake, and Mr. G. W. Lamplugh 

 also spoke. 



The Author, in reply, said that the photographs exhibited by 

 him were taken by Messrs. Walmsley Brothers and Mr. H. Bell of 



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