358 DR. W. Hn^D AND ME. J. A. HOWE ON THE [Aug. IQOI, 



seem to show much more limestone than is accounted for on the 

 map, and we are inclined to believe that thfe Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone occupies nearly the whole area. 



Commencing on the west, the side of the fell at Tosside shows, at 

 Knotts, a massive white limestone cropping out below the grit as a 

 lenticular patch ; but, owing to the absence of stream-sections, its 

 downward extent cannot be determined. It is lithologically quite 

 different from the Pendleside type, and contains a characteristic 

 Carboniferous-Limestone fauna (including Clionetes painlionacea and 

 Productus giganteus). 



About three-quarters of a mile north of this is an exposure behind 

 the farm at Brockthorns ; the beds are nearly horizontal, and consist 

 of shales and thin limestones, with a thick limestone at the base, 

 6 feet of this being exposed. An extensive list of fossils was obtained 

 from these limestones, belonging to the Prodiictus-f/iganteus zone. 

 A narrow lenticle of limestone is mapped at about 1| miles north- 

 west of this ; the quarry-sections show beds similar to those at 

 Brockthorns. 



The quarry at the dip-mark, north of the word ' Bollands,' shows 

 15 feet of solid limestone, base not seen, covered by a few feet of 

 shales and thin limestones. 



At Pythorns, a little more than a quarter of a mile farther east, 

 is another exposure of well-bedded limestone, with bands of 

 apparent brecciation and a conglomeratic bed at the top, about 

 3 feet thick, crammed with rolled fossil debris. A similar bed 

 occurs at Brockthorns ; it is covered by a few inches of shale, and 

 recalls the so-called ' beach-bed ' of Castleton. It is seen in many 

 other quarries about this horizon, and we regard it as of extreme 

 importance as a stratigraphical line. 



Some 2 miles still farther east is the quarry at Teeuley Bock in 

 well-bedded limestone, the beds being nearly horizontal. Possils 

 are not plentiful, but here, as at Pythorns, etc., they are of the 

 Carboniferous-Limestone type, and Productus giganteus occurs. 



Between Teenley and Pythorns the limestone and shales are seen 

 in the stream near Becks Brow Bottom ; and a sulphuretted- 

 hydrogen spring here seems to indicate a roll and temporary dis- 

 appearance of the massive limestone from the surface. 



East of the Kibble is a patch of country, bounded on the north 

 and east by the Hellifield & Skip ton Bailway. The upper beds of 

 the massif of limestone seem to cover the whole of it, and even 

 where the quarries are absent the appearance of the ground favours 

 this view. Massive bedded limestone is seen in a quarry near 

 Bell Busk Station, and again in another one rather less than a 

 quarter of a mile west of Bell Busk Viaduct. The latter yielded 

 Chonetes papilionacea, Spirifera lineata, Syringopora geniculata, 

 Cyathopthyllum sp., and crinoid-stems. 



]N^ear Cold Coniston the limestone occurs in a series of small 

 domes or knolls, one of which is bisected by the Skipton and Settle 

 road at Fogga. The upper part of this limestone is massive, white, 

 and not clearly bedded, but the lower beds are more regularly 



