386 DK. W. HIND AND MR. J. A. HOWE ON THE [Aug. I9OI, 



The fauna of the Calciferous Sandstone Series, therefore, contains 

 verj' few fossils distinct from the Carboniferous Limestone Series, 

 but is much less rich in species. These beds may be, and probably 

 are, in point of time contemporaneous with portion of the Carboni- 

 ferous Limestone of the Midlands ; but they represent beds 

 deposited much closer in-shore and under totally different condi- 

 tions, subject to rapid and frequent changes of sedimentation and 

 depth. The cephalopoda (such useful indices of the Pendleside 

 Group) are rare, and afford no evidence for the purpose of establishing 

 zones in this series. 



A class of fossils which affords strong evidence that the Yoredale 

 Eeds of Wensleydale are the equivalents of the upper part of the 

 Clitheroe and Derbyshire Limestone, is that of the fishes. The 

 late James W. Davis published ^ descriptions of numerous species 

 from various Carboniferous Limestone localities. The fish-fauna of 

 the Limestone Series as a whole is remarkably distinct from that 

 found in the Upper Carboniferous beds, and it is interesting and 

 important to note the number of forms common to the Red Beds 

 of Leyburn (Wensleydale), the highest limestone of the Yoredale 

 Series, w^hich underlies the Millstone- Grit Series, and the upper 

 l)art of the limestone of Derbyshire. The fine suite of fossils ob- 

 tained from Bolt Edge Quarry, near Chapel-en-le-Frith, yields 

 important evidence of this fact, for the quarry is in the uppermost 

 bed of the limestone-massif, a bed which in North Staffordshire and 

 Derbyshire is the best hunting-ground for fish-remains. 



The localities given in James Davis's work are not accurate 

 enough, as a rule, to permit of the construction of tables of the 

 occurrence of fish-remains. Except with regard to the Leyburn 

 localities, we are not told from which of the many limestones of 

 the Yoredale Series the specimens labelled ' Eichmond ' were 

 obtained. 



Certain genera (Orodus, Cladodus) are represented in the Pendle- 

 side Group — genera which have on the whole a Lower Carboniferous 

 facies ; but the great change in the fish-fauna comes in along a line 

 represented in Wensleydale by the Red Beds at the uppermost 

 limit of the Yoredale Series, and in the Yorkshire-Derbyshire area 

 by the uppermost bed of the limestone-massif. 



The numerous fragmentary plant-remains found all through 

 the Pendleside Group are a very striking feature. Goniatites, and 

 especially the byssiferous lamellibranchs, are often found attached 

 in numbers to small bits of stem. These fragments occur occasion- 

 ally in the limestones, but more frequently in the shales and 

 sandstones. When of any appreciable size, the outside of the 

 specimen is coated with a thin layer of pure coal. 



^ Sci. Trans. Eoy. Dublin See. ser. 2, vol. i, ' Foss, Fishes Carb, Lirnest. Ser. 

 Gt. Brit.' pp. 327 et segq. ; also Geol. Mag. 1886, p. 148. 



