Vol. 57.] PENDLESIDE GROUP AT PENDLE HILL, ETC. 403 



ffiganteus, he would like to know whether Ghonetes ixipilionacea and 

 Ohcetetes septosus had been found throughout that zone, or were con- 

 fined to the base ; he would also like definite information as to the 

 range of Productus latissimus in Dr. Hind's area. Dr. Hind mentioned 

 that the Nuculidae were found to rise in the beds from north to south; 

 the speaker had found Productus latissimus to occur in successively 

 higher limestones, as the beds were traced from Ingleborough through 

 Weardale to Alnmouth. 



Mr. Walcot Gibson remarked on the enthusiasm with which 

 Dr. Hind conducted his researches and the interest which he had 

 added to the study of the Carboniferous rocks. In North Staffordshire, 

 as the re-survey of the Lower Carboniferous rocks was carried on, 

 the Pendleside Group was found in the same position as on Pendle 

 Hill ; while the fossiliferous bands and nodules of dark limestone, to 

 which Dr. Hind had drawn attention, were of much value in identi- 

 fying the grits and shales overlying the Carboniferous Limestone. 



Mr. Strahan pointed out an inconsistency in the use of the fossil 

 evidence. Whereas the occurrence of Productus giganteus in the 

 Yoredale Beds of Wensleydale and in the main limestone of Pendle- 

 side was taken to prove that these deposits were strictly correlative, 

 the occurrence of Nuculidae in the Coal-Measures of the Midlands 

 and in the Calciferous Sandstone of Fife was explained on another 

 theory. Productus giganteus was not to be trusted as a zone-fossil. 

 Moreover it occurred only in the thin limestones, and in their 

 absence the evidence for the correlation of the Wensleydale strata 

 disappeared. He did not, however, disagree with that correlation, 

 and considered that a higher subdivision, with a distinct fauna, 

 existed in North Wales and the Isle of Man, though how far it 

 coincided with the Authors' ' Pendleside Beds ' he was unable 

 to say. 



With respect to the supposed radiolaria, he might say that 

 during the past year radiolaria had been found in cherts at the top 

 of the Carboniferous Limestone Series in South Wales. Some were 

 represented by translucent discs not unlike those exhibited by 

 Mr. Howe, while in others radiolariaa structure was sufficiently 

 preserved for purposes of identification. 



Mr. Lampltjgh, in congratulating the Authors upon the good 

 results already attained, asked whether they could be certain that 

 the species selected as typical of the Pendleside Series were unaffected 

 by the ' isodietic ' distribution which had been so strikingly demon- 

 strated in regard to some other species. It was somewhat dis- 

 quieting to learn that fossils could shift their horizon so persistently, 

 and within so restricted an area, that their life-limits formed well- 

 defined 'zones' passing obliquely across the lines of synchronous 

 deposition. It was alread}' agreed that the lithological characters 

 of the sediments of this age underwent great horizontal change ; 

 and under such conditions the correlation of the synchronous deposits 

 of the series in separate areas must be extremely difficult. 



Mr. H. B. Woodward, the Eev. J. F. Blake, and Mr. G. Barrow 

 also spoke. 



