and they are regarded as the equivalent of the Columbia formation 

 of the American continent. 



On the eastern coast of St. Martin, along the road near the 

 residence of Mr. Wager Ray, the soil contains shells of living 

 species. Similar deposits occur about Marigot, at a few feet above 

 the sea. At another locality a terrace was observed at a height of 

 25 feet. Coral-reefs rise to the surface of the water off Anguilla 

 and elsewhere. 



yi. Mammalian Eemains. 



The caverns near Pelican Point contain cave-earth in which 

 bones are found. In one, the earth has been partly removed, 

 exposing 8 feet of red dirt, over which there are 9 inches of 

 calcareous tufa, followed by 2| feet of red earth, and covered by 

 another 9 inches of tufa, the whole nearly filling the cavern, which 

 is inhabited by bats. JNumerous bones are said to have been taken 

 out by the workmen. I saw the remains of (apparently) the 

 radius of a mammal, but not in a condition for removal. It is 

 possible that some of the bones, examined by E. D. Cope as coming 

 from Anguilla, were obtained in this place. 



In Anguilla, Mr, Wager Kay found a number of mammalian 

 remains when digging for phosphate. I was fortunate in finding 

 him on the island, and he kindly took me to the locality where 

 he had obtained them — perhaps a mile north-east of the present 

 landing, east of Eoad Bay. The clifts are indented by sea-caves 

 at a height of 60 feet, and many have become open fissures 

 or cirques by atmospheric action. Their floors are covered by 

 debris, which in some cases appear to have more or less filled 

 them. In such a fissure the bones were obtained, among which 

 Cope discovered remains of three species of Amblyrhiza — a rodent 

 as large as a Virginia deer. Fragments of bones belonging to 

 birds and other animals were also found. The importance of 

 these remains will be referred to in connection with the question 

 of changes of level of land and sea (p. 533). 



YII. Erosion-Peatxjees. 



The erosion-features of the now mostly sunken plateau of 

 St. Martin are a repetition of those of the Antigua-Barbuda and 

 Guadeloupe areas, but with local expressions of their own. 

 St. Bartholomew and most of St. Martin are the remains of a 

 mountain-district more severely denuded than the more south- 

 easterly islands. The coastal plain, extending from the foot of the 

 mountains, is seen in the western part of St. Martin, AuguilJa, 

 and some small islands, but it also includes the banks to the edge 

 of the submarine platform, with its surface rarely drowned to more 

 than 200 feet, while the unsubmerged points rise only to an 

 elevation of about 200 feet, where they are found to be composed 

 of the calcareous formation belonging to the early Miocene, the 

 late Pliocene, or subsequent periods. The gently undulating 



