500 SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. [Marine Algae. 



* The Snares ; R. M. L. Auckland and Campbell Islands ; Hooker and Harvey, 

 E.. M. L. (External distribution as for genus.) 



As Skottsberg points, out {loc. cit.), Bory incorrectly replaced diaroisso's specific 

 name by one of his own. 



XiPHOPHORA, Montague, 1845. 



Distribution. — Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Chatham, and subantarctic 

 islands of New Zealand. 



Xiphophora gladiata (LabilL), Mont. 



Fucus gladiolus, Labill., Fl. Nov. Holl., ii, p. Ill ; Turn., Hist. Fuc, iv, p. 102, 

 1819. Xiphophora Billardieri, Mont., Voy. au Pole sud, tab. 1, 1845. 

 Fucodium gladiatum, J. Ag., Spec. Alg., i, p. 202, 1844. F. gladiatus, 

 Hook. f. & Harv., Handb. N.Z. Flora, p. 652, 1864. Xiphophora 

 gladiata, Kjellman, Engler und Prantl's " Pflanzenfamilien," Algae, p. 281, 

 1897. 



* The Snares ; E,. M. L., J. C. S. Auckland Islands ; Montague, Hooker, 

 R. M. L. * Campbell Island ; E. M. L., J. C. S. * Antipodes ; Dr. Cockayne ! 

 (External distribution as for the genus.) 



Two species have been described, X. gladiata and X. chondrophylla ; but they 

 seem to have been so completely confused as to defy separation {vide J. Ag., Alg. 

 Nov. Zel. mar, p. 7). The first-recorded species, X. gladiata, was originally described 

 in a pubhcation (LabilL, loc. cit.) not available in New Zealand. X. chondrophylla 

 is described by R. Brown in Turner's Hist. Fuc, vol. iv, p. 64, where X. gladiata 

 is also described (p. 102) ; but the descriptions given there are naturally very 

 crude, and the plates obviously from very imperfect specimens. Agardh {loc. cit.) 

 expresses doubt as to the authenticity of the specimen of X. gladiata depicted 

 by Turner, and also of the figure given by Montague (Voy. Pole sud, tab. vii) ; 

 and further states that a specimen from the Auckland Islands sent to him by 

 Harvey as Fucodium gladiatum should, in his opinion, be referred to F. chondro- 

 phyllum. 



Under these circumstances, it is clearly impossible for a worker in New Zealand, 

 without type specimens, and without access to the earliest description, to state 

 definitely which species we have here ; but I feel assured, after the examination of 

 hundreds of specimens from all parts of New Zealand, that, though there may be a 

 good many states of the plant dependent upon the season and environment, there 

 is only one species in New Zealand, and this appears to approach more closely to 

 Turner's figure of F. gladiatus than to that of F. chondrophyllus. I therefore feel 

 inclined, with Harvey and Montague, to call the plant of our southern islands 

 X. gladiata rather than X. chondrophylla. 



It is, indeed, possible that both these species are the same. Mrs. A. Gepp (Miss 

 E. S. Barton) (1) states, "There are, however, many intermediate forms, showing 

 Fucus gladiatus with comparatively short receptacles, approaching more nearly 



(^) " Phycological Memoirs of the British Museum," pt. ii, p. 35, 



