580 SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. [Aves. 



the boulders. This, the condition in a dry season, led one to imagine how matters 

 would be in wet weather. Though heavily nailed boots are admirable for ordinary 

 rough travelling, they were not altogether suited for traversing polished boulders, 

 and few of the party reached the grassy slopes above without bearing some trace of 

 the penguins' cesspools. The nests appear to be constructed in drier situations, 

 and now, out of use, look like shallow craters of mud, scraped from around. 



The usual note is a very loud, hoarse, booming croak, but when excited the bird 

 shrieks wildly, and the various combinations emitted from myriads of birds, never 

 abated for one moment, cannot be imagined. 



The large plumes which lie close to the head are golden in adults and pale yellow 

 in the young. The iris is hazel, unlike the rich brown of the tufted penguin. 



Hob. — Campbell, Antipodes, and Bounty Islands. 



Catarractes schlegeli, Finsch. (Eoyal penguin.) 



Eudyptes schlegeli, Finsch, Trans. N.Z. Inst., viii, 1876, p. 204. 



No member of the expedition appears to have noticed this bird, which has been 

 recorded from Campbell Island. It is only known to breed at the Macquaries. 

 Hah. — New Zealand, Campbell and Macquarie Islands. 



Megadyptes, Milne-Edwards, 1881. 

 Megadyptes antipodum, Hombron and Jacquinot. (Grand penguin.) 



Catarrhactes antipodes, Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), xvi, 

 1841, p. 320. 



During our visit in February, 1907, I met with a few birds of this species at 

 Campbell Island. They had yellow eyes, but, as the plumes were of pale-yellow 

 colour and did not extend across the back of the head, I judged them to be birds 

 of the year. Dr. Marshall and Mr. Speight, members of our expedition, saw a single 

 yellow-eyed penguin on Enderby Island. 



Professor Benham reminds me that on landing with a party at Fairchild's 

 Garden, Adams Island, we came across a penguin bitten across the belly, presum- 

 ably by seals. I am afraid, however, that we failed to note the species. 



In June following, when accompanying the trawling expedition of the " Nora 

 Niven," I saw numbers of penguins around Stewart Island, and also had the op- 

 portunity of determining the species. Numbers were on Ulva Isle, in Paterson's 

 Inlet, and one of the residents told me that his dogs frequently take them to the 

 house. I could not learn if this penguin nested on Stewart Island. 



Hah. — New Zealand, Stewart Islaud ; Auckland and Campbell Islands. 



Order STEGANOPODES. 

 Fam PHALACEOCORACIDAE. 



Phalacrocorax, Brisson, 1760. 



Phalacrocorax campbelli, Filhol. (Campbell Island shag.) 



Phalacrocorax campbelli, Filhol, Bull. Soc, Philom. (2), ii, 1878, p. 132, 



When I visited Campbell Island in February, 1907, I spent comparatively little 

 time by the water, consequently I had small opportunity of studying the shags. 



