Physiographj, Geology.'] SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 



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basins, but in their lower part they pass through irregular masses of angular boulders 

 of all sizes, which have all the appearance of old glacier-moraines. In some cases, 

 as at the head of Norman's Inlet and Cascade Inlet, they enter the sea in falls coming 

 from valleys high above the floor of the main valley. These are doubtless true 

 hanging valleys, due to glacier-action. As mentioned previously, nearly all drainage 

 is easterly, from the very edge of the western cliffs in many places. At times small 

 tributaries have been captured by the encroachments of the sea, and drain west, 

 falling over the cliffs in tiny waterfalls, which are blown upward and eastward by 

 the strong westerly gales. 



Fig. 7. — Sbfall Lake, with Old La'I'ekal Mohaine, Coleridge Bay. 



Owing to the small size of the island, lakes of any extent could not be expected, 

 but small ponds occasionally occur. The largest seen was on the side of the valley 

 leading to Coleridge Bay, a small bay on the north side of Carnley Harbour, between 

 Musgrave Harbour and Camp Cove. It is several acres in extent, the water being 

 retained behind an old lateral moraine. (See fig. 7.) At the back of the lakelet 

 the basaltic cliffs rise almost perpendicularly for several hundred feet, with their 

 lower slopes covered by stunted forest. A small stream flows over a low part of the 

 margin, and empties itself into Coleridge Bay. 



The party was told by one of the Maori boatmen of another small lake, on the 

 north side of Adams Island, and near sea-level. From the description given by him 

 it seems likely that this lake was ponded back by the terminal moraine of a small 

 glacier coming from a valley on that island. 



