716 



SUBANTARCTIO ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. [Physiography, Geology. 



6 and 7 fathoms. Thence to the mouth of the harbour the water gradually deepens. 

 This bar suggests a submerged terminal moraine, and the deeper basin above it an 

 ice-eroded valley. Similar occurrences can be observed in the sounds of Otago, 

 the most noteworthy case being in Daggs Sound, where there is a well-marked bar 

 stretching right across the sound about half-way from the entrance. 



Fig. 8. — Cascade Inlet, showing Soundings fbom Admiralty Chart. 



Although Cascade Inlet shows this character to the greatest degree, others do 

 so to a less extent. The Admiralty chart shows that the sound to the north of Smith 

 Harbour has the same characters : it is deeper than the sea just outside. 



Fig. 9. — Nokman's Inlet. Fig. 10. — Inlet Nokth of Smith Sound. 



[Figs. 9 and 10 are on a smaller scale than fig. 8.] ' . 



It seems, therefore, almost certain that these valleys were filled with ice during 

 the time of maximum glaciation. It is possible that the break in the valley-wall 

 between Norman's Inlet and Smith's Inlet may have been due to ice-action, and 

 that it was formed in the same way as the connecting passages between adjacent 

 sounds in western Otago. 



As the northern part of the group was only imperfectly examined, nothing 

 for or against the occurrence there of traces of glaciers can be definitely said. Port 

 Ross is evidently a drowned valley, but it is uncertain whether it has been sub- 

 jected to glaciation or not. In all probability it has, if glaciers were so extensive 

 in the neighbourhood of Carnley. 



It must be strongly urged, however, that there is no proof that an ice-sheet 

 existed on these islands in fairly recent geological times, and there is no foundation 

 for the statement made by Professor Park on page 43 of Bulletin No. 7 of the New 

 Zealand Geological Survey, that the expedition found "that the Auckland and 

 Campbell Islands had suffered intense erosion by an overriding sheet of ice that must 

 have had a polar origin." No boulder-clay or till, no erratics, no ice striae crossing 

 divides, none of the other phenomena usually associated with glaciation by an ice- 

 sheet were discovered, and it does not seem probable that subsequent examination 



