Soils and Soil- formers.'] SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 



763 



K 2647 was the first 18 in. of soil taken on the 13th January, 1909, at 300 ft. 

 elevation above Perseverance Harbour, Campbell Island, at Zircon Creek, and above 

 the subsoils and samples K 2618-20, 2648. The soil was resting on dead logs, and 

 was supporting a flora of Poa litorosa, Aspidium aculeatum var. vestitum, BulbineUa 

 Rossii, Dracophyllum sp., Helichrysum prostratum, Car ex appressa, Lomaria. 



J 834 was the first 12 in. of soil taken on the 25th November, 1907, by Mr. 

 Marriner at 40 ft. elevation above Perseverance Harbour, Campbell Island, on an 

 open hillside facing south-west, and about 100 yards from the sea. Flora : Tussock 

 [Poa foliosa), BulbineUa Rossii, Pleurophyllum speciosum, Aspidium aculeatum var. 

 vestitum, Coprosma ciliata, Veronica Benthami, mosses, and liverworts. (For pano- 

 ramic view showing class of country see fig. 6, p. xix, and fig. 3, p. 491.) 



For notes of other samples see tabular statement. 



Antipodes Island Soils. 



K 2655. — Taken about 200 ft. above sea-level to a depth of 16 in., below 6 in. 

 to 8 in. of undecomposed fibrous plant-remains, in a swampy inland situation, 

 on the 15th January, 1909, on Antipodes Island. Flora : Aspidium aculeatum var. 

 vestitum, Carex ternaria, Ligusticum antipodum, Poa litorosa, moss. 



K 2656.— Subsoil, taken to a depth of 1 ft. below K 2655. 



These soils are both singularly rich in total and available phosphoric acid. 

 They are derived from recent volcanic lavas and scoriae, very rich in plant-food. 



K 2657 is a peculiar red earth, containing about 30 per cent, of phosphates, 

 occurring on the edge of the cliffs near the boat-depot. It is undoubtedly derived 

 from the red scoria K 3001. Both of these contain titanium-phosphate, hitherto 

 unrecorded in nature. This phosphate must rank as one of the most insoluble phos- 

 phates known. It resisted the action of six successive fusions with bisulphate of 

 potash without appreciably diminishing in solubility. 



K 3001 (red scoria) and K 3002 (basalt) both contain an abnormal proportion 

 of phosphoric acid, which in the scoria is in the form of titanium-phosphate. 



K 3003 contains relatively little phosphoric acid. 



Silica (SiO 2) 



Alumina 



Ferrous and ferric oxides 



Phosphoric acid (P.jOg) 



Lime (CaO) 



Magnesia (MgO) 



Manganese-oxide (Mn^O;^) 



Titanium- oxide (TiOa) 



Sodium-oxide (Na20) 



Potassic oxide (KgO) 



Moisture at 110° 



Loss on ignition 



Titanium-phosphate (insoluble) 



Zirconium-oxide 



K3001. 



Red 

 Scoria. 



K 3003. 

 Black 

 Scoria. 



K 2657. 



Red Earth 



fi'om 



Scoria. 



K 3002. 

 Basalt. 



41-95 

 13-40 

 15-75 

 2-55 

 9-10 

 5-58 

 0-25 

 2-25 

 7-74 

 1-56 

 0-36 



40-50 



14-85 



14-30 



0-82 



6-10 



4-32 



0-28 



4-20 



4-13 



0-96 



10-10 



27-68 



10-48 



27-40 



10-70 



1-50 



0-79 



Trace 



0-46 



2-25 



0-60 



4-35 



5-00 



8-40 



0-41 



43-15 

 15-45 

 14-85 

 1-08 

 8-80 

 7-10 

 0-13 

 3-44 

 4-10 

 1-25 

 113 



