790 gUBANTARCTlC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. [Meteorology. 



In the second edition of the meteorological charts of the Southern Ocean a com- 

 plete graphical statement is made as to the prevalence and force of the winds in the 

 different months, from observations which have been made by passing vessels. For 

 April, July, and September no records are available ; but for the remaining months, 

 especially from January to September, with the exception of June, north-westerly 

 winds are given as prevalent. In June south-west winds are given as most frequent, 

 and in October north-easterly. Of 368 observations referred to, only eight were 

 made in calm weather. The gales mentioned in the charts are mostly from the 

 north and north-west, whereas the records made by Mr. Nicholson for seven 

 months of 1907, for example, give five from south-west, two from north-east, 

 and one each from north, south, east, west, and north-west. Analysis of the 

 records does not show that any months differ noticeably from others in the 

 direction or force of winds. In all months westerly to northerly winds prevail, 

 and gales may blow at any time. 



In the "Deutsche Seewarte Stiller Ocean Atlas" the January and February 

 winds are represented as west-north-west, blowing with a velocity of 9-12 metres 

 per second. In July and August the winds are from the same direction, with a 

 velocity of over 12 metres per second. 



The " Meteorological Atlas " gives records for every month except April, July, 

 and September. In every other month gales are recorded almost always between 

 north-west and north-east. Winds are recorded from all directions in nearly every 

 month, but from south to east they are not usual. The charts give an analysis of 

 368 observations. 



If these winds are compared with those of Dunedin there is an important differ- 

 ence. In Dunedin, in 1906, for instance, there were 123 days when the wind blew 

 from south-west, and 116 when it blew from north to west. At Campbell Island 

 the corresponding numbers were 26 ard 278. 



The prevalence of south-west winds is maintained throughout the south of New 

 Zealand, and apparently as far south as Auckland Islands, so far as can be judged 

 by Musgrave's statements, 



BAEOMETBR. 



The only records have been taken with a barograph, and considerable in- 

 accuracies result when such graphic records are transferred to figures. Still, the 

 main result — an average of 29-58 in. — agrees closely with that given in " Berghau's 

 Atlas," 29-53 in. 



The highest monthly average in the seven months of 1907 was 29*74 in., in 

 August; and the lowest, 29-44 in., in September. The highest barometer-reading 

 was 30-2 in., and the lowest 28-6 in., a range of 1-6 in. The records for seven 

 months only of 1907 are available. 



The movements of the barometer appear to have much the same relations to 

 the weather as in New Zealand. 



TEMPERATURE. 



The most striking feature is, as would be expected, the small diurnal and annual 

 variation. In 1905 the extreme range was 47° F., and in 1906 it was 38° F. In 



