Meteorology.] SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 791 



1906 the mean daily range varied from 14-4° F. in January to 7'8° F, in April, 

 having an average for the year of 9* 7° F. The mean annual temperature ap- 

 pears almost constant — 44-5° F. for 1905, and 44° F. for 1906. The means for 

 the months in 1905 vary only from 51° F. in February to 39° F. in June, and 

 in 1906 from 49° F. in February to 39° F. in June. These mean temperatures 

 are, of course, mainly dependent upon the temperature of the ocean, which in 

 " Berghau's Atlas " varies from 48° F. to 42° F. in different months, with an 

 average of 44-8° F. 



The meteorological charts of the Southern Ocean show surface temperatures 

 ranging from 47*5° F. in January and February to 43° F. in June and July, and the 

 average is 45° F. It appears, therefore, that the atmosphere observations recorded 

 in such a sheltered spot as Tucker Cove give a slightly lower average than those 

 obtained from surface temperature, but the difference is very slight. In 1906 

 the average temperature in Dunedin was 49-4° F., and the sea-temperature in 

 " Berghau's Atlas " is 52-9° F., and an identical result is obtained from the 

 " Meteorological Atlas." 



In the German and English charts, as well as in " Berghau's Atlas," the oceanic 

 current is given as flowing from the south-west throughout the year. The maximum 

 set in the neighbourhood of the island is 25 nautical miles in twenty-four hours. 

 The current apparently brings icebergs past the island occasionally, for in the months 

 January, March, May, September, October, November, and December much ice has 

 been seen to the north-east, especially in the later months of the years 1892 and 

 1897. 



The map of isanomalies in " Berghau's Atlas " shows that the temperature of 

 Campbell Island is distinctly lower than that proper to the latitude. 



WEATHER. 



Sunshine does not prevail for many hours in the year. In 1905, 99 days 

 were foggy and 168 were cloudy, while only 98 were clear, and these results agree 

 with those of 1907 and with those stated in the " Meteorological Atlas." The 

 atmosphere is apparently nearly at saturation-point. This is what would be 

 anticipated, seeing that the prevailing winds have blown across thousands of miles 

 of ocean-surface, and are constantly entering colder latitudes. The rainfall also is 

 rather heavy, though higher land would probably increase it considerably. In 

 south New Zealand the record is always higher on the western side or in the 

 immediate vicinity of the mountains on the eastern slopes. The number of days 

 on which rain falls is exceedingly high — about three out of four, on the average. 



No continuous series of observations have yet been taken at any point 

 in the Auckland Islands. Those taken by Musgrave cover a long period, but 

 they are of a general nature, and usually only record marked weather-charac- 

 teristics. 



The Snares Islands climate is still less known from continuous observations. 

 When the expedition visited them (15th November) the peat was quite dry on the 

 surface, and it was evident that rain had not fallen for some days. A fall, however, 

 began before the expedition left. 



