‘ AMERICAN 
-TOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ABIES. 
‘ 4 _ {SECOND SERIES.] 
Art. I.—Some Pen, ces of ane Psychology ; by D. F. 
Read before the American Association, at the Baltimore Mertig Ma cs 18 
THE true difference between plants ; 
this, that erica have a conse of 1D 
plants have non | its 
Bes re aceustomed: to to distinguish pr from plants by 
i dowed with free, that is, voluntary locomotion, 
and d with feeling. Linnzus long since said: Saxa crescunt, Vege- 
tabilia eet et vivunt, Animalia erescunt vivunt et sentiunt. 
certail of feeling however cannot be denied tou some 
for A sets to the Mimosa. As to the “voluntary” 
Pe tite : 
outer ve while 
standard difference between plants and animals, I sh to 
show that the term voluntary is far he ae ge by the 
term “conscious of an outer world.” What is it that strikes the 
microscopist as vegetable-nature in the Navictlas and as animal- 
nature in the Monas? Both move, but the Navicula in its 
steady onward course runs foul of every obstacle that crosses 
its way, while the Monas dodging with ease and dextcrity, finds 
z way through a host of obstacles, apparently without 
one. It is this evident consciousness of pithihalinge 
E t characterizes the animal. 
The consciousness of an outer world is the fundamental rin- 
nos oat The consciousness of self, of the Ego, 
ICOND SERIES, Vor. XXVI, No. 79.—JAN., 1859. 
