176 J. L. Smith on the Artesian Well at Louisville. 
The water comes out with considerable force from the five-inch — 
opening, and a heavy body thrown into the mouth of the well is — 
rejected almost as readily as a piece of pine wood. By an ap- 
proximate calculation, its mecHanical force is equal to that ofa 
steam engine with cylinder 10 by 18 inches, under 50 tbs. pres- 
sure, with a speed of 55 revolutions per minnte, a force rated at 
about 10 horse power. The top of the well is now closed, and 
the water conducted about 80 feet to a basin with a large jet 
d’eau on the centre, from which there is a central jet of water 
40 feet in height, with a large water pipe, from which the water 
passes in the form of a sheaf. When the whole force of water 
is allowed to expend itself on the central jet, it is projected to 
the height of from 90 to 100 feet, settling down to a steady flow 
of a stream 60 feet high 
Temperature of the Water.—The water, as it flows from the — 
top of the well has a constant temperature of 764° F., and 8 
not affected either by the heat of summer or the cold of winter. 
The temperature at the bottom of the well is several degrees 
higher than this, as ascertained by sinking a Walferdin’s regis 
58° F., at 90 feet below the surface, we have an increase of 1° of 
temperature for every 67 feet below that point.. The increase in 
_is sufficient for comfortable bathing during most of a hee 
. . . T 
be turned to the use of baths. The reason of the difference of 
6° between the water at the bottom of the well and at the top rs 
that the iron pipe leading from the surface to the rock 
pry a stratum of water 60 feet thick, having a tem. 
rs) oO 
The Source of the Water.—The question naturally arises, ifthe 
geology of this county, taking Louisville as a center, eh te 
rocks encountered corresponding to the sandstone (2 whl oe 
water of the artesian well was struck) are in Mercer, Jess* mee 
and Garrard counties, near Dix Creek, to the east of B uk 
burg. The rocks there are said to be cavernous and wate™ and | 
ing. The elevation is about 500 feet greater than Lo 
about 75 miles in a straight line from this city. ence 
come its mineral constituents? These are obtaime 
rocks through which it _percolates in its way from 7 and whet® 
the point below Louisville, where it has been tapped, 
3 
This being the most probable source of the water, ion the 
