St Oe ae Sees oe 
Sage PO ER aap ee Oe nae 
Zoological Nomenclature. 103 
lished but not defined, as in some pany pea = and in Lesson’s 
‘Traité d’Ornitiologie,’ "where m any species a umerated by name, es 
any description or reference by which they can fy identified. Therefor 
§ 12. A name which has never been clearly defined in some 
published work should be changed for the earliest name by 
which the object shall have been so defined. 
[Specific names, when adopted as generic, must be change oe pyr eran 
for the following rule will a best illustrated by an example. The Cor 
epithe Linn., was afterward advanced to a genus under the name Sof 
Pyrrhocora Temminck adopts this mage — and also —- the old 
" specific oes so that te terms the species Pyrrhocorax pyyrhoco The in- 
pisses of this method is so — as 0 demand a change of the generic 
We propose, sherefaes, that: 
3. A specific name must not be altered in order to use 
whe name for the genus ; where this has been already done 
the old specific name must be restored, and a new generic 
name given to prevent an unharmonious repetition. 
V.B.—It will be seen, however, below that we strongly object to the 
ggg continuance of this practice of elevating specific names into gen- 
t tha atin Orthography to be adhered on Bits the subject of orthography it is 
necessary to lay down one propositi 
§ 14. In writing rdlogieal names, the rules of Latin orthog- 
raphy must be adhered t 
In Latinizing Greek words there are certain rules of orthography known 
to classical scholars which must never be departed from. For instance, the 
names which modern authors have written Aipucnemia, Zenophasia, poio- 
must, ac peendiig to “abe laws of etymology, be spelt pycnemia, 
Lasia, and peocephala. In Latinizing modern words the rules of classic 
usage do not apply, e all that we can dois to give to such terms as clas- 
sical an ap we can, consistently with the preservation of their 
etymology. te” the eu of European words whose orthography is fixed, 9 is 
nd ¢ 
best to retain = original form, even though it wf inchide nieces an 
binations unknown in Latin uch words, Fa, 
Knighti, Bullocki Eschscholtzi, would be quite “anintalligitle 3 if they were 
Latinized into Vudvardi, Cnichti, rier bygrecan &c. But words of bar- 
barous origin, having no fixed ortho more pliable, and hence, 
when adopted into the Linkin, they should c reatered as classica] in appear- 
ance as is consistent with the preservation of their original sound. Thus 
* This seems most necessary in those numerous instances where adjective spe- 
cific names, or even agg eb in the _ appt have ogee raised to the rank of 
generic names. us Venus mercenaria was changed to Mercenaria violace, 
a _and finally many recent id Fase got ialipced the old specific name, so that 
nds at present Mercenaria mercenaria! The well known case of tha 
P 
- soup-shell of gsr pirsoca , Tein 9 gari, is another marked instance of the absurd 
results of such prac acher raised the species to generic rank, under 
¢ been restore! 
