316 Henry Stevens's Historical and Geographical 
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the world as seen by the geographers of that day, will greatly 
aid us in clearing up many apparent inconsistencies. 
Ruysch lays down three distinct and independent fields of 
discovery. First, the Archipelago of Columbus in the center, 
filling a space of above a thousand miles from north to south, 
and open to India. This part of the map was no doubt laid 
down from Columbus’ own letter, the only authority, in 1507, 
existing in print. e had, indeed, coasted alon P: ria fro 
Trinidad westward, in June, 1498, as Pinzon, Ojeda, and others 
did subsequently, supposing it to be another large island, or — 
— of the mainland of Cathay, but nothing of this had then — 
een printed. Second, the Mundus Novus of Vespucci, being 
the eastern coast of South America from Darien to Upper Pat- 
agonia, one vast Island with an unknown riapoersaras The 
authority for this was what has since been called Vespucci's 
“Third Letter,” first printed at the end of 1502, or probably 
early in 1503. And third, the discoveries of the Cabots and 
the Cortereals in the north, represented by them as part of the 
mainland of Asia. This portion of the map is only Marco 
Polo’s — of Cathay extended considerably to the 
northeast, and modified by the experience, probably, of Ruysch 
himself, and the information he gathered from the Bristol men, 
when he was with them in 1497-8 and the discoveries of the — 
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quo ad subparallelum ab subsquatore ad boream subgradum, 53, pervenit; et in 
eo parallelo navi ortus littora per angulum noctis atque plures insulas lus- 
i imus. 
of England, and penetrated as far as th 
degree of north latitude [straits of Belle Isle], and on that parallel he sailed wes 
toward the shores of the [Asia], bearing a little northward [ per anglum noctis] 
islands, t whi i 
y with those of Ruysch and Peter Martyr of 1508 « 
that the coast line, from the most westerly of the five E: 
the extent of Cabot’s : nd westward 
