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Notes on the earliest Jiasiiterioe in America, 821 
is known to all the world. In his Second Relation, dated 30th 
October, 1520, Cortes sent to the Emperor a map of the entire 
Gulf of Mexico, well laid down, which was printed for the first 
time in 1524, at Augsburg, where Charles V. had resided. This 
map was incorporated into Orontius Fine’s celebrated map of 
the world dated July, 1531, which, compared with the account 
of Megellan’s voyage, and the third and fourth Relations of 
Cortes, led the great geographer and astronomer of Nuremburg, 
Schoner, the ‘next year, 1532, to completely change his mind as 
to the extent of she South Sea, and place it almost entirely 
south of the equator, extending Asia to the north of it from the 
Ganges to Bacalaos, or Newfoundland. On this map of Cortes. 
are the names of all the places at which he touched from Yuca- 
tan along the coast as far as Vera Cruz. These are, in order, 
Santo Anton, Roca Partida, Rio de Grijalva, Rio de la Palma, 
Rio de dos botas, Caribes, Santo Andres, Rio de Cocuqualquo, 
oca partida, Rio de Vanderas, Rio de Alvarado, P. de Sant 
Juan, Seville, Almera, and San Pedro. The Rio de Cocuqual- 
quo was surveyed for many miles, probably with the hope of 
finding an opening to the South Sea. In Fine’s map of 1531 
most of Cortes’ names are indiscriminately mixed up with those 
of Marco Polo. [Pl m1. No. 8 and 4.] , 
In 1519, Francisco Garay, the Governor of Jamaica, dispatched 
Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda to explore the keys and coasts of 
Florida, but owing to the reefs and contrary winds, he 
his way round by the northwest coast by Mobile Bay, and the 
Mississippi river to Vera Cruz, thus completing a full and care- 
ful survey of the Gulf of Mexico. But still the disappointing 
report to the home government of old Spain was—no thorough- 
. Here was the eclipse. Portugal had gained a strong foot- 
hold of eight hundred miles on the coast of Brazil in conse- 
quence of removing the Line westward. In this way Spain be- 
came hemmed in between two lines of demarcation, the one the 
breadth of the Pope, the other the Cordilleras of the new hemi- 
sphere, the one about as impassible as the other, to the Spanish 
mind 
_ Thus all these three fields of discovery had by degrees crept 
into one vast continent, extending from the Arctic to the Ant- 
artic Circles, and, instead of being India, the land of fabulous 
treasures, it was an impassable barrier to the shryee thither 
ad been in his 
untain fe) 
to realize that ig Bi of spices was beyond another ocean, even 
more vast than the Atlantic itself. The beautiful name AMERICA 
now began to swallow up the conjunctives, to spread itself 
