of India and High Asia. 103 



•5 are comparatively rare in India, but large " Jhlls" are 

 - I'.ially to be seen, especially in the river systems of the 

 -<s and Brahmaputra. For the most part they are not very 

 deep; their surface is very variable, and many of them are en- 

 tirely dry during the hot season, lanks are frequently met 

 with ; their numbers throughout the country testify the import- 

 ance attached to them by the natives. Some of the tanks in 

 Maissur and the Karnatik are of surprising dimensions. 



In the Himalaya also, there are but very few lakes, That of 

 Nainitil, in Kamaon (6,520 ft.), the Yiillar lake, in Kashmir 

 (5,126 ft.), and the Chindr lake, near Srinagger, at about the 

 same height, suffice to exhaust the category of those deserving 

 mention. 



Okcier fe^es— accumulations of water formed by one glacier 

 obstructing the outlet of a higher one— are of much more fre- 

 '"" ■ ' At times, the wall of ice breaks away before 



inundated, and the torrent rushes < 

 rupted violence for miles, exercising a marked influence even 

 Qown to the lower parts of the rivers.* Two of the most elevated 

 placier lakes are the Deo Tal, in Garhval (17,7J:5 ft.), and the 

 ^'arntso. or Yunam, in Lahol (15,570 ft.). 



■■ Tibet and Turkistdn possess many lakes, all of whicli 



ituated in great heights ; they are however, gradually dry- 



^P, as becomes apparent by the unmistakable marks of larger 



i remaining from former times. They contain a greater 



b by the unmistakable marks of larger 



'>^'s remaining trom lormer times. They contain a greatp" 



l^.intity of salt than lakes in general, and most of them to a 

 ^'^•^'Oiint which renders them more or less brackish. The w-*' 

 f'fome, however, is still drinkable ; among these we part 

 •■:•■ mention the Hanle and the Upper Tsomognalari lakes. 



' !iin 16,620 ft. 



^-'ar 15,693 " 



'^'^'TKh^uriTalua 15,684 « 



-^r:^ fo 15,517" 



w*^"^ Kiol 15,460" 



«?nsar4ur,orTsoMapan 15,250" 



lf«usTal,orTsoUnag 15,250" 



^^"-^"H ^5 130" 



Nima Kar 15,100 ft. 



Hanle 14,600- 



Tso Gam 14,580 " 



Tso Rul IMOO " 



TsoMitMl 14,167 " 



Upper Tsomognalari.. 14,050 " 

 Lower Tsomognalari,. 14,010" 



.J^ rndia, the highest pass is the Sigur, in the Nilgiris (7,204 ft.). 

 ,^ 'i^Hangbodde pass, in Cevlon (6,589 ft.), is little inferior m 

 "^'gbt. Of the numerous passes (Ghats) occurring in the West- 



fet?*"""^ inViul^^See"" Vigne-'s Kashmir," vol. ii, p. 362, "Cunningham's 

 ^^ pp. 99, et seq., and " Capt Montgomerie'a Memorandum." 



