164 /. Lubbock on the Ancient Lake Habitations of Switzerland, 



Riitimeyer to works on the animal remains from the Pfahlbauten 

 the first " Untersuchung der Thierreste aus den Pfahlbauten der 

 Schweiz," published bj the Antiquarian Society of Zurich, in 

 1860 ; and still more recently a larger work*— Collections of 

 objects from these localities have also been made by many Swiss 

 Archaeologists. 



The Flora has been studied by M. Heer, whose results are 

 contained in the last memoir published by M. Keller. Nor must 

 we omit to mention M. Morlot's short paper in the "Bulletin de 

 la Societe Yaudoise," and his more recent "Le§on d'Ouverture 

 d'un cours sur la haute Antiquite fait a 1' Academic de Lausanne.'' 

 From the conclusion of this lecture, indeed, I must express my 

 dissent: not that I would undervalue what M. Morlot calls the 

 Practical Utility of Geology, nor that I am less sanguine as to 

 the future advantages of Archaeology. Science, however, is like 

 virtue, its own reward, and the improvement of the mind must 

 be regarded as the highest object of study. However this may 

 be, M. Morlot is, to use his own metaphor, laboring earnestly in 

 the vineyard, and is improving the soil, though, as in the old 

 fable, it may be in the false hopes of finding a concealed treasure. 

 The Swiss Archfeologists have, indeed, made the most of a golden 

 opportunity, Not only in Lake Zurich, but also in Lakes Cou- 

 stance, Geneva, Neufchatel, Bienne, Morat, Sempach, in fact in 

 most of the large Swiss lakes, as well as in several of the smaller 

 ones (Inkwyl, Pfaffikon, Moosseedorf, Luissel), similar lake hab- 

 itations have been discovered. In the larger lakes, indeed, not 

 one, but many of these settlements existed ; thus, M. Keller men- 

 tions, in Lake Bienne, eleven; in Lake Neufchatel, twenty -six; 

 in the Lake of Geneva, twenty -four; in that of Constance, six- 

 teen ; and many more, doubtless, remain to be discovered. 



The dwellings of the Gauls are described as having been cir- 

 cular huts, buiit of wood and lined with mud. The huts of the 

 Pileworks were probably of a similar nature. This suppositioa 

 is not a mere hypothesis, but is confirmed by the preservation « 

 pieces of the clay used for the lining. Their preservation is evi- 

 dently due to the building having been destroyed by fire, wbicn 

 has hardened the clay and enabled it to resist the dissolving actioQ 

 of the water. These fragments bear, on one side, the marks oi 

 interlaced branches, while on the other, which apparently formea 

 the inner wall of the cabin, they are quite smooth. Some o 

 those which have been found at Wangen are so large and so reg- 

 ular that the Swiss Arch^ologists feel justified in concludinp 

 that the cabins were circular, and from ten to fifteen feet in <^ 

 ameter. Though, therefore, the architecture of this period was 



♦ Die Fauna der Pfahlbauten in der Schweiz. Untersnchungen uber f%9^ 

 chichte der wUden und der Haus Saiigathieve von Mittel Europe von Dr. L. «0'^ 

 raejer. This work contains a full resume of the subject up to the present tune. 



