170 /. Lubbock on the Ancient Lake Habitations of Switzerknl 



The arrow heads were made of flint, or in some cases of rock 

 crystal, and were, as in Ireland, of three principal sorts, between 

 which however, there were a great many varieties. The first 

 sort had a diamond shape, the posterior half of which was, m 

 some specimens, shorter and rounded off". The second sort had 

 the posterior margin more or less excavated, so that the angles 

 being produced, as it were, into wings, clasped the shaft and en- 

 abled the arrow head to be more firmly fixed. In the third sort, 

 the middle part of the posterior side had a projection which sunk 

 into the shaft. There are also found rounded stones, pierced 

 with one, or sometimes with two holes. The use of these is un- 

 certain, but they may perhaps have been used to sink fishing 



*' Waste not, want not," is a proverb which the Lake dwellers 

 thoroughly appreciated. Having caught any wild animal, except 

 the hare, they ate the flesh, used the skin for clothing, picked 

 every fragment of marrow out of the bones, and then in many 

 cases, fashioned the bones themselves into weapons. The larger 

 and more compact ones served as hammers, and, as well as horns 

 of the deer, were used for the handles of hatchets. In some 

 ca-ses pieces of bone were worked to a sharp edge, but they can 

 only have been used to cut soft substances.* Bone harpoons, 

 poignards, arrow heads, and javaline heads also occur, and p^s 

 and needles of this material are very common. Teeth also, m 

 particularly those of the wild boar, were used for cutting, ana 

 were also, in some cases, worn as ornaments or arnolets. There 

 can be little doubt that wood was also extensively used for difler- 

 ent purposes, but unfortunately most of the implements of tnis 

 material have perished. A wooden mallet, however, was foun 

 at Concise. . 



For our knowledge of the animal remains from the Pile worKS 

 we are almost entirely indebted to Prof Eiitimeyer, who ja^ 

 published two memoirs on the subject. (Mittheilungeu des AC" 

 tiq. Gesellschaft in Zurich, Bd. xiii, Abth. 2, 1860 ; and, mor. 

 recently, a separate work, Die Fauna des Pfahlbauten in "J; 

 Schweiz, 1861). The bones are in the same fragmentary cona. 

 tion as those from the Kjokkenmoddings, and have been opene^ 

 in the same manner for the sake of the marrow. There is a^ 

 the same absence of certain bones and parts of bones, so tbat^ 

 is impossible to reconstruct a perfect skeleton even of the co. 

 monest animals. i ■ li 10 



The total number of species amounts to about 66, of whicii - 

 are fishes, 3 reptiles, 17 birds, and the remainder quadrup>-'^;^ 

 3 considered as having bet 



Vie Dog, Pig, Horse, Ass, Goat, 



Sheep- 



